Suchergebnisse

[EN] Little information is available on the physiological and biochemical responses to water stress in eggplant (Solanum melongena). We valuated four genetically diverse eggplant varieties (MEL3-MEL6) under control and water stress conditions. Measurements were taken for plant growth, tissue water content, levels of chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, roline, malondialdehyde, total phenolics, total flavonoids, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. For most traits, the water stress treatment had a greater contribution than the variety effect to the total sums of squares in an ANOVA analysis, except for total flavonoids, SOD, APX, and GR. The water stress treatment had a strong effect on plant growth and tissue water content. In general, water tress reduced the three photosynthetic pigments, increased proline, malondialdehyde, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, although some varietal differences were ob- served. Different patterns were also detected in the activities of the four enzymes evaluated, but few differences were observed for individual varieties between the control and water stress treatments. Many significant phe- notypic orrelations were observed among the traits studied, but only eight environmental correlations were detected. A PCA analysis distinctly separated individuals according to the treatment, and revealed a clearer separation of varieties under water stress than under control conditions, pointing to varietal differences in the responses to stress. Our results suggest that proline could be used as a marker for drought stress tolerance in this species. The information obtained provides new insight on the physiological and biochemical responses of eggplant to drought stress ; Authors are grateful to the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 677379 (G2P-SOL project: Linking genetic resources, genomes and phenotypes of Solanaceous crops), to Ministerio de Economfa, ...

[EN] Introgression breeding can contribute to broadening the genetic background of eggplant (Solanum melongena). We used six eggplant varieties and 44 interspecific hybrids between these eggplant accessions and 10 accessions of wild relatives from the primary genepool species S. insanum and secondary genepool species S. anguivi, S. dasyphyllum, S. incanum, S. lichtensteinii, and S. tomentosum to obtain first backcross generations to S. melongena. Pollen viability in cultivated and wild parents and interspecific hybrids with S. insanum was high, while for interspecific hybrids with secondary genepool species it was variable. First backcross generations to S. melongena were obtained with interspecific hybrids of all the wild species, with the best results being obtained in crosses with hybrids between S. melongena and S. insanum. However, ample differences were observed among eggplant varieties in the success of the crosses. Additionally, the six eggplant varieties were crossed with secondary genepool species S. campylacanthum, S. lidii and S. vespertilio and with tertiary genepool species S. bonariense, S. elaeagnifolium and S. sisymbriifolium with the aim of obtaining new interspecific hybrids. Successful interspecific hybridization was achieved with the three new secondary genepool species tested and, using embryo rescue, with the tertiary genepool species S. elaeagnifolium. The new backcross generations and interspecific hybrids obtained will contribute to broadening the genetic background of the eggplant and to the genetic enhancement of this crop. ; This work was undertaken as part of the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives", which is supported by the Government of Norway. The project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Mew and implemented in partnership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information ...

Eine Analyse der Fuß- und Wurzelfäule der Eierfrucht an verschiedenen Standorten während der Regen- und Trockenzeit leitet die Untersuchungen ein. Bei starkem Befall werden Verluste bis zu 25 Prozent ermittelt. Getestet werden verschiedene Pflanzenschutzmittel auf ihre Wirksamkeit. (DÜI-Wsl)

[EN] Eggplant (Solanum melongena) has been described as moderately sensitive to salinity. We characterised the responses to salt stress of eggplant andS. insanum, its putative wild ancestor. Young plants of two accessions of both species were watered for 25 days with an irrigation solution containing NaCl at concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 200, and 300 mM. Plant growth, photosynthetic activity, concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, K+, Na+, and Cl(-)ions, proline, total soluble sugars, malondialdehyde, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, as well as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase specific activities, were quantified. Salt stress-induced reduction of growth was greater inS. melongenathan inS. insanum.The photosynthetic activity decreased in both species, except for substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci) inS. insanum, although the photosynthetic pigments were not degraded in the presence of NaCl. The levels of Na+ and Cl(-)increased in roots and leaves with increasing NaCl doses, but leaf K(+)concentrations were maintained, indicating a relative stress tolerance in the two accessions, which also did not seem to suffer a remarkable degree of salt-induced oxidative stress. Our results suggest that the higher salt tolerance ofS. insanummostly lies in its ability to accumulate higher concentrations of proline and, to a lesser extent, Na(+)and Cl-. The results obtained indicate thatS. insanumis a good candidate for improving salt tolerance in eggplant through breeding and introgression programmes. ; This work was undertaken as part of the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing CropWild Relatives", which is supported by the Government of Norway and managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. For further information, see the project website: http://cwrdiversity.org/. Funding was also received from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigacion and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant ...

[EN] Whole-genome resequencing provides information of great relevance for crop genetics, evolution, and breeding. Here, we present the first whole-genome resequencing study using seven eggplant (Solanum melongena) and one wild relative (Solanum incanum) accessions. These eight accessions were selected for displaying a high phenotypic and genetic diversity and for being the founder parents of an eggplant multiparent advanced generation intercrosses population. By resequencing at an average depth of 19.8x and comparing to the high-quality reference genome "67/3" over 10 million high-reliable polymorphisms were discovered, of which over 9 million (84.5%) were single nucleotide polymorphisms and more than 700,000 (6.5%) InDels. However, while for the S. melongena accessions, the variants identified ranged from 0.8 to 1.3 million, over 9 million were detected for the wild S. incanum. This confirms the narrow genetic diversity of the domesticated eggplant and suggests that introgression breeding using wild relatives can efficiently contribute to broadening the genetic basis of this crop. Differences were observed among accessions for the enrichment in genes regulating important biological processes. By analyzing the distribution of the variants, we identified the potential footprints of old introgressions from wild relatives that can help to unravel the unclear domestication and breeding history. The comprehensive annotation of these eight genomes and the information provided in this study represents a landmark in eggplant genomics and allows the development of tools for eggplant genetics and breeding. ; This work has been funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 677379 (G2P-SOL project: Linking genetic resources, genomes, and phenotypes of Solanaceous crops), by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional/European Regional Development Fund (grant AGL2015-64755-R), and by the Spanish Ministerio ...

O aproveitamento de resíduos agroindustriais, localmente disponíveis, como substrato, com critérios, tem-se mostrado viável ambientalmente, agronomicamente e financeiramente. Assim sendo, objetivou-se verificar o potencial agronômico do lodo de curtume desidratado em mistura com moinha de café compostada, no desenvolvimento e qualidade de mudas de Solanum melongena L. Os substratos foram, em percentagem de volume (v-lodo/v-moinha), 0/100, 5/95, 10/90, 15/85, 20/80, 50/50 e 100/0, além de um comercial. Analisou-se as características de emergência, biométricas, gravimétricas, fisiológicas, atributos de raízes e qualidade das mudas. O teste de Scott-Knott (p<0,05) destacou as proporções de 10, 20 e 50% de lodo de curtume para as características biométricas, gravimétricas e de qualidade das mudas. Não houve diferenças nos atributos de raízes, assim como nos teores de flavonoides e carotenoides das folhas. Os maiores teores de clorofila/nitrogênio nas folhas foram proporcionados pela presença do lodo. A análise de correlação de Spearman indicou que a qualidade das mudas é influenciada pelo comprimento das raízes e número de folhas. Nas folhas, quanto maior o teor de clorofila, maior a quantidade de nitrogênio. Foi possível concluir que as proporções de 20 e 50% de lodo de curtume, acrescido da moinha de café, apresentaram os melhores resultados morfo-fisiológicos e de qualidade das mudas.