Suchergebnisse

Rabbit warrens in a semiarid environment of New South Wales were concentrated in those areas where impact
penetrometer readings indicated friable soil to a depth of at least 75 cm. Isolated warrens in areas with few
warrens were found in restricted patches of favourable soil. The absence of warrens from areas with shallow
soil was considered to be due to high soil temperatures. The distribution of the rabbit in Australia was examined
in relation to deep soil temperatures. It was suggested that the application of bituminous coating on ripped
warrens may be a useful technique for the control of rabbits in the arid zone.

Earthworm (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) communities in common soil types under intensive agricultural practice in Latvia
Studies of earthworm populations in the framework of the State Agricultural Land Monitoring Programme were performed during 1992-1998 at six sites representing the common soil types of Latvia. The earthworm communities were examined as indicators of soil conditions in relation to soil type, terrain, agricultural practice and meteorological factors. In total six earthworm species were found. Only two species, Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus, were present in all plots. The highest density of earthworms was observed in loamy soils on lower terrains. The lowest density was observed on sandy soils on high terrain position. In plots with intensive agricultural practice, Aporrectodea caliginosa showed the highest relative abundance reaching close to 100%, but in pastures this species was accompanied with 2-3 subdominant species. The main factors affecting earthworm density were meteorological conditions. In permanent pasture the seasonal variability of earthworm number was lower than in plots with intensive soil tillage, where earthworm density was lower. Under favourable meteorological conditions in loamy soils, a negative impact of soil management was not observed, whereas in sandy loam soils intensive tillage had a much more negative effect on worms. In pasture soils earthworms reached high density even in sandy soils.

AbstractGrowing concerns about the global antimicrobial resistance crisis require a better understanding of how antibiotic resistance persists in soil and how antibiotic exposure impacts soil microbial communities. In agroecosystems, these responses are complex because environmental factors may influence how soil microbial communities respond to manure and antibiotic exposure. The study aimed to determine how soil type and moisture alter responses of microbial communities to additions of manure from cattle treated with antibiotics. Soil microcosms were constructed using two soil types at 15, 30, or 45% moisture. Microcosms received biweekly additions of manure from cattle given cephapirin or pirlimycin, antibiotic-free manure, or no manure. While soil type and moisture had the largest effects on microbiome structure, impacts of manure treatments on community structure and individual ARG abundances were observed across varying soil conditions. Activity was also affected, as respiration increased in the cephapirin treatment but decreased with pirlimycin. Manure from cattle antibiotics also increased NH4+ and decreased NO3− availability in some scenarios, but the effects were heavily influenced by soil type and moisture. Overall, this work demonstrates that environmental conditions can alter how manure from cattle administered antibiotics impact the soil microbiome. A nuanced approach that considers environmental variability may benefit the long-term management of antibiotic resistance in soil systems.

ABSTACT The city of Manado annually experiences flooding in certain areas caused by changes in land use, a cycle of reduction in river capacity, and public awareness in disposing of garbage and maintaining a very low environment. The study was conducted at four locations namely Pandu subdistrict,Rurukan sub-district,Kali village and Matungkas village. In order to determine the rate of water absorption and the minimum amount of biopore infiltration holes in four different soil types. From this research, it is expected to be able to provide information for the government and the developing community to be taken into consideration in efforts to prevent flooding and minimize surface runoff. The method in this study uses a factorial randomized design as a method of retrieving data which is then analyzed using an analysis of two way variants. The results of the study show that the rate of recharge has a significant effect on the level of depth, and type of soil. The highest absorption rate is in the regosol soil type and at a depth of 75 cm. Keywords : Biopori, Floods, Biopore Infiltration Holes

12 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, 74 references ; Soil C sequestration through changes in land use and management is one of the sustainable and long-term strategies to mitigate climate change. This research explores and quantifies the role of soil and land use as determinants of the ability of soils to store C along Mediterranean systems. Detailed studies of soil organic C (SOC) dynamics are necessary in order to identify factors determining fluctuations and intensity of changes. In this study, SOC contents from different soil and land use types have been investigated in Andalusia (Southern Spain). We have used soil information from different databases, as well as land use digital maps, climate databases and digital elevation models. The average SOC content for each soil control section (0–25, 25–50 and 50–75 cm) was determined and SOC stocks were calculated for each combination of soil and land use type, using soil and land cover maps. The total organic C stocks in soils of Andalusia is 415 Tg for the upper 75 cm, with average values ranging from 15.9 Mg C ha−1 (Solonchaks under "arable land") to 107.6 Mg C ha−1 (Fluvisols from "wetlands"). Up to 55% of SOC accumulates in the top 25 cm of soil (229.7 Tg). This research constitutes a preliminary assessment for modelling SOC stock under scenarios of land use and climate change. ; This research has been partly funded by the Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science (Research Project 851238) and the Regional Ministry of Environment (Research Project 0501/0268) of the Andalusian Government. Ozren Bogdanovic (Andalusian Centre of Developmental Biology, CABD) proofread a previous version of the manuscript. ; Peer reviewed