Suchergebnisse

The current study reveals that information which is not essential in arriving at a psychiatric diagnosis does not get recorded, though such information may be an important determinant of disposition pattern in the emergency setting.

Using data from the Ghana Fertility Survey (GFS) of 1979-80, this study examined the effects of socio-demographic variables on birth intervals in Ghana. The most important factors associated with longer birth intervals are infant/child mortality, formal education, involvement in professional occupation, being non-Catholic, non-Moslem, being Akan or Mole-Dagbani, involvement in polygyny and residence in the Greater Accra region. However, the evidence does not show a consistent pattern of delayed births in most recent cohorts when the other background factors are taken into account. Overall, the impact of most of our variables on birth spacing is small. Thus, in spite of what appears to be modest attempts by subgroups of women to change their childbearing practices, the evidence shows that there has been no sustained decline in fertility in Ghana.

Demographic and socio-economic variables are, as a rule, the independent variables in survey research,. For a comparison of the attitudes and behaviour of the respondents across different surveys, a standardisation of these independent variables is essential. In Germany, a working group established by the umbrella organisations of the groups that conduct surveys - academic social researchers, commercial market and social researchers, and the Federal Statistical Office - has developed and formulated such an instrument, which is known as the "Demographic Standards". The individual variables of the current edition (2010) are described here. In the case of cross-cultural and cross-national comparisons, however, standardisation is not possible. Here, the only way to establish comparability is to harmonise the individual variables across the cultures or countries participating in the survey. The various harmonisation techniques and the rules to be observed when applying them are described.

There is growing evidence that human society has already entered the age of global environmental crises. As human behaviour is undoubtedly contributing to environmental problems, it is important to analyse pro-environmental behaviour. Socio-demographic variables are widely used to investigate individual behaviour; the aim of this study was to analyse how they influence pro-environmental behaviour in a Central and Eastern European country. An online survey was conducted among 442 participants aged 18+ in Hungary, and Spearman's rho, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test univariate ANOVA and regression analysis were used to analyse the relationship between socio-demographic variables and pro-environmental behaviour. The results show that age and the number of children a person has are positively associated with pro-environmental behaviour. In addition, women and members of civic organisations tend to have higher levels of pro-environmental behaviour. Using these significant socio-demographic variables in green segmentation and in developing complex models of pro-environmental behaviour is therefore recommended.

ABSTRACTResearchers have studied many variables to understand consumer behavior and the choices consumers make, with regard to environmentally friendly products. Past research has tried to find the relationships between socio‐demographic variables and preferences for environmentally sustainable products. The findings, however, are still relatively mixed, especially those concerning income; previous results are far from being conclusive in that past studies have found income to be negatively, positively, and insignificantly related to green consumer choices. This study investigates why the previous empirical studies of income are so varied, and, using an empirical study, demonstrates that the inconsistency of earlier findings might come from the non‐linear relationship between income variables and environmental concern. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Entrepreneurship is crucial for both growing the economy and decreasing the crushing effects of poverty and unemployment. Consequently, higher education institutions have a critical role to play in inculcating entrepreneurial skills in students who may find it challenging to gain employment. This research examined the impact of socio-demographic variables (age, gender, level of study, academic discipline, race and nationality) on entrepreneurship intention. A descriptive quantitative research design was adopted to collect data from a simple random sample of 332 higher education students. This study's findings show no significant difference amongst the respondents in terms of gender, age, race and entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, the results revealed a statistically significant difference between the respondents' nationality, academic discipline, level of study and entrepreneurship intention. Therefore, higher education institutions should pay attention to the demographics of students to avoid prejudices and to have targeted interventions that will arouse their interest in entrepreneurship. The findings of this study could assist institutional managers and policy-makers in putting in place strategies that could help higher education students actively participate in entrepreneurial activities on campus and treat entrepreneurship as an alternative career.

Background Dual tasking, or the ability to executing two tasks simultaneously, has been used in recent research to predict cognitive impairments, physical frailty, and has been linked with cognitive frailty in old adults. Aim This study aimed to determine age-related variables can predict dual-task (DT) performance in the older population. Methods A total of 258 healthy community-dwelling participants + 60 years were assessed in relation to their functional capacity, health, well-being, social support and years of education. Performance of a cognitive (Fluency) task and a cognitive– motor (Tracking) task was recorded under single and DT conditions. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out for each dependent variable, in separate models including cognitive, functional and psychosocial variables. Results Performance in Fluency in DT conditions was predicted by cognitive variables, whereas performance in Tracking DT conditions was predicted by positive interaction, health status, age and motor variables. Discussion The findings suggest that a wide range of cognitive, psychological, social, physical and functional variables influence cognitive and motor performance in aging. Conclusion DT methodology is sensitive to different age-related changes and could be related to frailty conditions in aging ; Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was funded by through FEDER founds by the Spanish Directorate General of Scientific and Technical Research (Project Ref. PSI2014–55316-C3–1-R); and by the Galician Government (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; axudas para a consolidación e estruturación de unidades de investigación competitivas do Sistema Universitario de Galicia; GI-1807-USC: Ref. ED431–2017/27) ; SI

Identifying the Main Motivations to Visit Salt Mines: Do Socio-Demographic Variables Matter? Salt has been extracted from mines in Europe for thousands of years. More recently, some of these salt mines reinvented themselves as new tourism objectives attracting hundreds of thousands and even millions of visitors each year. This research aims to investigate the main reasons tourists visit a former salt mine, focusing on Turda Salt Mine, in Romania, as a case study. The study found that the main motivations for visiting the former salt mine were leisure/relaxation, learning, adventure, to try something new and to escape the daily routine whereas participation in various cultural/religious and sport events as well as socialization with like-minded people were considered the least important motivations. The results also show that some socio-demographic factors could influence motivation to visit a salt mine. The findings of this research have a number of practical implications for the marketing and management of salt mines which are outlined at the end of the paper.
Keywords: tourism motivation, salt mines, Turda Salt Mine, Romania, socio-demographic variables.