Suchergebnisse

Disasters can have an enormous impact on the health and well-being of those affected. Internationally, governments and service providers are often challenged to address complex psychosocial problems. Ideally, the potentially broad range of support activities include a coherent, high-quality mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programme. We present a theory-driven quantitative analysis of the quality of 40 MHPSS programmes, mostly implemented in European disaster settings. The objective is to measure quality domains recognized as relevant in the literature and to empirically test associations. During the EU project "Operationalizing Psychosocial Support in Crisis" (OPSIC) an evaluation survey was designed and developed for this purpose and completed by 40 MHPSS programme coordinators involved in different mass emergencies and disasters. We analysed the survey data in two steps. Firstly, we used the data to operationalize quality domains of a MHPSS programme, tested constructs and assessed their internal consistency reliability. A total of 26 out of 44 survey items clustered into three of the four domains identified within the theoretical framework: "planning and delivery system" (Cronbach's alpha 0.82); "general evaluation criteria" (Cronbach's alpha 0.82); and "essential psychosocial principles" (Cronbach's alpha 0.75). "Measures and interventions applied", theoretically a potential fourth domain, could not be confirmed to empirically cluster together. Secondly, several models with associations between domains and measures and interventions were tested and compared. The model with the best fit suggests that in MHPSS programmes with a higher planning and delivery systems score, a larger number of measures and interventions from evidence-informed guidelines are applied. In such programmes, coordinators are more positive about general evaluation criteria and the realization of essential psychosocial principles. Moreover, the analyses showed that some measures and interventions are more likely to be applied in programmes with more evolved planning and delivery systems, yet for most measures and interventions the likelihood of being applied is not linked to planning and delivery system status, nor to coordinator perceptions concerning psychosocial principles and evaluation criteria. Further research is necessary to validate and expand the findings and to learn more about success factors and obstacles for MHPSS programme implementation.

Many soldiers encounter difficulties while transitioning from military to civilian life. Such severe traumatic events may also have long-term effects. Previous studies have shown a strong relationship between coping strategies and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate how veterans who were exposed to war trauma 20 years ago now deal with everyday life stressors, and how their current coping strategies relate to the four-factor model of PTSD. A total of 220 male Croatian Homeland War Veterans between the ages of 38 and 75 participated. Questionnaires included Combat Exposure Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Military Version and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Results showed positive association between dysphoria and escape-avoidance coping strategy and negative association between dysphoria and positive reappraisal coping strategy. Given that dysphoria symptoms are associated with the chronicity of PTSD and poorer response to PTSD therapy treatment in war veterans, our results underscore the importance of treating dysphoria symptoms and promoting engagement coping strategies for this population.

Rad sagledava bunkerske sustave upisane u topografiju europskog kontinenta kao vrstu znakova koji označavaju rituale prijelaza iz jednog geopolitičkog i društveno-političkog stanja u drugo. Oni time funkcioniraju kao vrsta simbolizacije ratne traume, poput znakova koji ostaju urezani u kožu poslije rituala prijelaza kod "primitivnih naroda". Uzimajući u obzir teze socijalnog psihologa Richarda Koenigsberga da postoji identifikacija ega pojedinca s formacijom nacionalnog ega te teze Sigmunda Freuda da je ego uvijek povezan s površinom kože, naglašava se uloga arhitekture kao proizvoda označavanja kože pri ritualima prijelaza. Danas, kad migranti prolaze pokraj bunkera iz Drugog svjetskog rata na hrvatskomađarskoj granici da bi se provukli kroz novosagrađenu ogradu s čeličnim žiletima, stvara se novi ožiljak na koži Europe, formira se njezin novi identitet, a društvo u cijelosti sudjeluje u ritualu prijelaza iz starog u još uvijek nepoznato novo. ; This paper focuses on the bunker systems inscribed in the topography of the European continent as a sort of signs indicating rites of passage from one geopolitical and socio-political state into another. They symbolize the war trauma in a way, like signs that remain incised in one's skin after the rites of passage practiced by the "primitive peoples". In reference to the hypothesis of social psychologist Richard Koenigsbergad that the individual tends to identify himself with the formation of the national ego, and that of Sigmund Freud, for whom the Ego is always related to the surface of the skin, architecture is seen as a product of marking the skin in rites of passage. Today, when migrants pass by the bunkers from World War II at the Croatian-Hungarian border in order to squeeze themselves through the newly erected fence with steel blades, a new scar emerges on the skin of Europe, shaping its new identity, and the society as a whole participates in this rite of passage from the old state into a new one, still unforeseeable.

The article focuses on different theoretical approaches towards establishing corporate criminal liability in national legislatures. Corporate crime is a serious criminal phenomenon, which produces high level of social danger in many fields - economy and trade, health and safety at work­place, environmental protection, human rights and others. Introducing criminal liability of legal persons in most of contemporary legislatures has opened theoretical debates in various academic disciplines, such as criminal law, criminology, sociology and social psychology, economic science and others. As a significant criminological discipline, criminal policy is supposed to analyze arguments pro et contra corporate criminal liability as an instrument of prevention and combat against corporate and other forms of white-collar crime. The central part of the article examines different theoretical views and arguments on efficiency and justification of legislative measures towards corporate crime phenomenon. The author stresses economical, sociological and corporate cultural aspects of introducing and implementing criminal liability of legal persons. The author aims to shed light on different dimensions of the matter, pointing to interdependency of various aspects. ; Rad se bavi različitim teoretskim pristupima vezanim za utvrđivanje odgovornosti pravnih lica za krivična dela u nacionalnom zakonodavstvu. Kriminalitet korporacija predstavlja ozbiljnu kriminalnu pojavu koja izaziva visok stepen društvene opasnosti u mnogim oblastima - odražava se na ekonomiju i trgovinu, zdravlje i bezbednost na radnom mestu, ekološku zaštitu, ljudska prava i drugo. Uvođenje krivičnopravne odgovornosti pravnih lica u većinu savremenih zakona otvorilo je teorijske debate u okviru različitih akademskih disciplina, kao što su krivično pravo, kriminologija, sociologija i socijalna psihologija, ekonomske i druge nauke. Kao važna kriminološka disciplina, kriminološka politika treba da se bavi analizom argumenata pro et contra odgovornosti pravnih lica za krivična dela kao instrumenta za prevenciju i suzbijanje korporativnog i drugih vidova privrednog kriminala. Centralni deo rada istražuje različite teorijske poglede i argumente vezane za efikasnost i opravdanost zakonodavnih mera uperenih protiv pojave korporativnog kriminala. Autor naglašava ekonomske, sociološke i korporativno-kulturne aspekte uvođenja i utvrđivanja krivične odgovornosti pravnih lica. Cilj autora jeste da prikaže različite dimenzije ove teme i ukaže na njihovu međusobnu povezanost.

To better understand how persuasive communication works, researchers often mobilise social psychology. The aim of the article is to show how recent research in the fields of implicit socio-cognition and cognitive and linguistic psychology has been applied to advertising and political communications in order to better understand, first, the link between behaviour, second, the effects of advertising seen quickly and immediately forgotten, and, third, real-time psychological treatment of receivers in relation to messages. ; Pour mieux comprendre comment fonctionne la communication persuasive, les chercheurs mobilisent souvent la psychologie sociale. L'objectif de l'article est de montrer comment de récentes recherches dans les domaines de la socio-cognition implicite et de la psychologie cognitive et linguistique ont été appliquées aux communications publicitaire et politique afin de mieux connaître, premièrement, le lien attitude-comportement, deuxièmement, les effets de la publicité vue rapidement et aussitôt oubliée, et, troisièmement, les traitements psychologiques en temps réel des récepteurs face à des messages.

In our study we explored generational differences in psychological contract content (PCC) and reactions to psychological contract breach (PCB) among Croatian employees. We collected the data on a sample of 432 participants and compared the PCC between Generation Y (born from 1981 to 1993) and older employees (born between 1946 and 1980). The results showed that the Generation Y employees expected more from their employers regarding career development, work-life balance, and social atmosphere. At the same time, the older generation perceived stronger employer obligations related to organizational policy, and stronger employee obligations related to in-role performance. We also tested the moderating effect of age on the relationship between PCB and job attitudes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention). The moderating effect was observed only for the relationship between PCB and turnover intention: the younger employees reacted to PCB with a stronger turnover intention than the older employees. ; Nedavne promene političkog i ekonomskog sistema su u mnogočemu promenile sliku tržišta rada u tranzicijskim zemljama. Osim što su se promenili uveti rada, promenila su se i očekivanja zaposlenika o razmeni između njega i poslodavca, a koja su opisana psihološkim ugovorom zaposlenika. U našoj smo studiji pretpostavili da će generacije zaposlenika odraslih u različitim političko-ekonomskim sistemima imati različita očekivanja u pogledu obaveza poslodavca i sopstvenih obaveza u međusobnoj razmeni. Takođe, pretpostavili smo da će zaposlenici različitih generacija različito reagovati na kršenje tih očekivanja. Tačnije, istražili smo generacijske razlike u sadržaju psihološkog ugovora i reakcija na prekršaj psihološkog ugovora na jednom velikom i heterogenom uzorku hrvatskih zaposlenika. Sakupili smo podatke na uzorku od 432 učesnika i uporedili sadržaj psihološkog ugovora između Generacije Y (rođeni između 1981. i 1993. godine) i generacije starijih zaposlenika (rođeni između 1946. i 1980. godine). Sadržaj psihološkog ugovora promatrali smo kroz 6 dimenzija obaveza poslodavca i dimenzije obaveza zaposlenika. Dimenzije percipiranih obaveza poslodavca činili su sadržaj posla, razvoj karijere, socijalna atmosfera, balans između privatnog života i posla, organizaciona politika, i nagrade, a dimenzije percipiranih obaveza zaposlenika ponašanja vezana uz osnovne radne zadatke i ostala ponašanja na poslu. Rezultati analiza kovarijanci u kojima smo uspoređivali dvije generacijske skupine zaposlenika, uz istovremenu kontrolu razlika među uzorcima u spolu, obrazovanju, sektoru i veličini organizacije, su pokazali da zaposlenici Generacije Y očekuju više od svojih poslodavaca što se tiče razvoja karijere, balansa između privatnog života i posla te socijalne atmosfere. Istovremeno, starija generacija je percipirala više obaveza poslodavca vezanih za organizacionu politiku i više sopstvenih obaveza vezanih uz osnovne radne zadatke. Iako se pokazalo da se ove dve generacije razlikuju u sadržaju psihološkog ugovora, radilo se o malim veličinama efekata. Testirali smo i moderacioni efekat starosti na odnos između prekršaja psihološkog ugovora i stavova prema poslu (zadovoljstvo poslom, organizaciona lojalnost i namera odlaska iz organizacije) koristeći multiple hijerarhijske regresione analize. Moderacioni efekat je dobijen samo za odnos između prekršaja psihološkog ugovora i namere odlaska iz organizacije: mlađi zaposlenici su reagovali na prekršaj snažnijom namerom davanja otkaza nego stariji zaposlenici.

This study addresses the city's spatial representations, seeking to show that social trajectories are just as important as social positions to understand how to build and organise their content. Building on the Strasbourg Representations, the aim of this research is, on the one hand, to link theoretical models of social psychology and sociology on the basis of a common assumption that cognitive structures are also principles which give rise to positions in the social structure. On the other hand, it seeks to show that this structural homology also applies to geographical space, an object more often approached from a cognitive, subjective or culturalist perspective when considering its spatial dimension (and not just its meanings), removing from the outset the existence of a 'representative field' around the city. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a questionnaire survey of residents of a Strasbourgeois pavillaire district. Analysis of the structure of the representations collected made it possible to identify four different groups of representations. Secondly, a socio-demographic description of these groups showed that the links between the social structure and the representation of urban space are strongly based on the intergenerational social trajectories of residents. These results show that the city's representation is neither a mere "cognitive tool" from a "direction direction" for practice, nor, conversely, a psychological trace of previous urban "experiences". These are psychological objects that build and organise (from) the social structure from the person's social history in particular. ; International audience ; This study addresses the city's spatial representations, seeking to show that social trajectories are just as important as social positions to understand how to build and organise their content. Building on the Strasbourg Representations, the aim of this research is, on the one hand, to link theoretical models of social psychology and sociology on the basis of a common assumption that ...

Following its mobilisation by practitioners, the notion of social acceptability has been sparking interest and causing embarrassment among social scientists. This article contributes to the recent effort to clarify and question this notion, taking a national programme of socio-technical experimentation dedicated to smart grids in Japan as a case study. Although four "Smart Communities" have been designated, the peculiarity of this programme is the fact that the Japanese state is the initiator and supervisor of the experimentation. The latter is part of the state and private sector led strategy for producing the social acceptability of smart grids and their related products, equipments and services. This article analyses the concrete policy tools implemented, with a specific focus on the knowledge they are based upon. Smart Communities mobilise results from research in behavioural sciences (social psychology, behavioural economics) and marketing techniques in order to ensure the passive and active acceptance of users. The implementation of socio-technical experimentation allows for a hybrid way of producing social acceptability which is also part of a broader process of governmentalisation of practices that use energy which is paradoxically not based on ecological arguments. ; Dans la continuité de sa mobilisation par les praticiens, la notion d'acceptabilité sociale suscite depuis quelques années un intérêt croissant, combiné à un certain embarras, auprès des chercheurs en sciences sociales. Cet article contribue aux efforts récents de clarification et de questionnement de cette notion à partir d'un programme national d'expérimentation sociotechnique consacré aux réseaux électriques « intelligents » au Japon. Bien que quatre « Smart Communities » aient été sélectionnées pour porter cette expérimentation, ce cas d'étude présente la spécificité d'être impulsé par l'État japonais. Elles s'inscrivent dans la stratégie nationale de production de l'acceptabilité sociale des réseaux électriques « intelligents » et des ...

This article questions the introduction, in the mid-90"s, of the concept of European identity for the analysis of citizens" attitudes toward European integration. It argues that this notion was imported from social psychology without appropriate theoretical adaptation to the political democratic nature of the social group that a European polity would be. As a consequence, the current notion of European identity does not contribute very much to an understanding of the long standing national and social differences of citizens" attitude toward the EU. The paper argues that for the time being, the identification process with a work-in-progress European polity should be conceived following three principles: European identity refers to a democratic community, that is, a special kind of social group whose vocation is self government. Thus the link between citizens matters as much as differentiation with the others. Second, European identity is very definitively a work in progress. Lastly, it is developing in industrial societies, characterised by growing individualism but also remaining strong national identities. Building on Tilly"s concept of identity and major works on national identity, this chapter suggest a concept of identification with Europe that acknowledges the complexity of competitive processes at stake in identity change.

International audience How can we design conservation and development projects that produce lasting changes? How can we increase their effectiveness and legitimacy? The classical economic incentives of environmental policies (certification, sustainable forest management, payments for environmental services, green loans, etc.) are effective in the short term, but their environmental performance is not necessarily guaranteed in the long term. However, when the intrinsic motivations of beneficiaries are activated, these beneficiaries take greater ownership of the objectives of actions: they demonstrate more lasting behavioural change. Recent research combining behavioural economics and social psychology, conducted for such projects, is opening a rich and complementary avenue to mobilise this latent human potential. Considering intrinsic motivations implies recognising the importance of the psychological dimension of any action. Research and development decision-makers and donors can and ensure their calls for projects incorporate methods to identify and activate these motivations.

International audience Many sports teams engage in collective rituals (e.g., the New Zealand All Blacks' haka). While the concept has been studied extensively in other fields (e.g., social psychology and cultural anthropology), literature on collective rituals specific to sport is limited. Leveraging theoretical positions and empirical findings from across the human and social sciences, the application of an existing definition of collective ritual in team sports is explored. Complementary research is suggestive of a potential link between collective rituals and two growing topics of interest in group dynamics, namely, team resilience and communal coping. Collective rituals can bolster team resilience by strengthening the group structure and increasing a team's social capital. They can also serve as communal coping strategies, helping to manage team stressors as they arise. However, at the extremes, collective rituals can become problematic. Over-reliance and abusive rites of passage (i.e., hazing) are considered. Potential applied implications and future research directions in sport psychology are then discussed. ; De nombreuses équipes sportives s'engagent dans des rituels collectifs (e.g., le haka des All Blacks). Bien que ce concept ait été étudié plus largement dans d'autres champs que la psychologie du sport (e.g., la psychologie sociale, l'anthropologie culturelle), la littérature sur les rituels collectifs spécifiques au contexte sportif est limitée. L'application d'une définition existante des rituels collectifs dans les sports d'équipe est ici explorée au travers d'une recension des cadres théoriques et des résultats empiriques issus de la littérature en sciences humaines et sociales. Des liens potentiels sont également envisagés entre les rituels collectifs et deux cadres théoriques dont l'intérêt en psychologie du sport est grandissant : la résilience d'équipe et la gestion collective du stress. Les rituels collectifs pourraient ainsi jouer un rôle dans la résilience d'équipe en renforçant la ...

EU enlargement policy: a success or failure? Since 2004, the European Union (EU) has profoundly transformed as a result of the integration of eight former Soviet orbit countries. These are the three Baltic countries: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; of the four countries of the European Centre: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary; finally, Slovenia, the former Republic of the Federation of Yugoslavia. In 2007, the Balkan countries, Bulgaria and Romania were added. ; La politique d'élargissement de l'UE : un succès ou un échec ? Depuis 2004, l'Union européenne (UE) s'est profondément transformée sous l'effet de l'intégration de huit anciens pays relevant de l'orbite soviétique. Il s'agit des trois pays baltes : Estonie, Lettonie, Lituanie ; des quatre pays du centre européen : Pologne, République tchèque, Slovaquie et Hongrie ; enfin, de la Slovénie, ancienne république de la fédération de Yougoslavie. S'y sont ajoutés en 2007, les pays Balkans, Bulgarie et Roumanie.