Suchergebnisse

This is a qualitative research based on a phenomenological perspective of understanding, that aim to captures the way in which the population of rural areas from the western part of Romania understands the terms of nature and environment. Starting from valuable scientific studies related to the relationship between man and nature, we propose an original interdisciplinary approach that combines social methodology with a geographical, ecological and land use perspective. This study aims to identify the forms in which social representations about nature and environment are outlined on the level of rural areas people perceptions. As Romania is a European Union member state, its rural areas have seen transformations and changes in detail that reflect in the environmental-geographical ambience typical of the three main relief types (mountains, hills and plains), the mixed geomorphological type, its residents' basic aspirations and conscious attitudinal and behavioral levels. The two study benchmarks are the notions of nature and environment, raising perception sensitivities and everyday concerns belonging to the residents of the rural areas surveyed. The administrative unit of Bihor County, belonging to the northern half of the Crișana Province and comprised of rural communities in 97 villages, was selected as the study's target area. These villages were selected in such a way that they had to meet the requirements of balance and diversity of local environmental conditions, land use and the result of changing their land cover and the socio-geodemographic conditions of the population. A series of 1576 questionnaires were administered to subjects who are over 18 years old and are aware of the reality of their places. The results of the applied tests (Levene's test) show that the concrete factors of daily activities are very good predictors of the relationship between man and nature.

The paper presents a historiographical review of the works of historians, psychologists, and philosophers on the named subject. The author develops the idea of social psychology being a multilateral phenomenon in history. The investigator should take into account social-individual and group-psychology of actual event partakers – representatives of different social groups and classes as well as social psychology of event contemporaries and non-contemporaries, who had assessed the events before him. Examples of how underestimation of this can lead to distortion or modernization of reality are given. Social psychology assists in deeper analysis of not only political life, class struggle and culture but economic life as well. Reference is made to sources to be addressed in the investigation of social psychology in the past. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama socialinės psichologijos samprata, jos objektas, metodai, teorinis statusas bei jos taikymo istorijos tyrimuose galimybės. Teigiama, kad tyrimo objektas yra grupinė (kolektyvinė, masinė) psichologija, kuri pasireiškia kaip bendros veiklos pagrindu atsirandantis tarpusavio psichologinis bendrumas, taip pat psichinė individo padėtis kolektyve ir jo elgesio ypatybės. Socialinės psichologijos objekto turinį arba jos kategorijas sudaro reikmės, interesai, jausmai, nuotaikos, įpročiai, papročiai, tradicijos, mados, susižavėjimai, įsitikinimai, valia, visuomeninė nuomonė. Socialinė psichologija labiau už ideologiją priklauso nuo ekonominių-socialinių sąlygų, todėl ji judresnė, joje stipriau pasireiškia stichiniai elementai. Ideologija, mokslas ir socialinė psichologija atspindi tam tikros epochos visuomenės sąmonę. Socialinės psichologijos uždaviniai yra susiję pirmiausia su priežastingumo istorijoje supratimu, taip pat su visuomenės struktūrine analize. Daroma išvada, kad socialinės psichologijos problemų sprendimas istorijos tyrimuose padeda objektyviau atskleisti visuomenės vystymosi dėsningumus, spręsti bendrus istorijos metodologijos klausimus.

"This book has been developed from two main theses which justify my venture into the field of social psychology. The first is that the visceral-organic structure of man is basic to the understanding of psychology. However extreme the assertion may seem, I think it fair to say that the thinkers who have formed the knowledge of mind in its largest and truest terms have been those who have shown the relationship of drive, emotions, and intelligence to the structures of the body, and vice versa. The second thesis is that apart from his group a man is a mere potentiality. He is developed in a milieu that fosters, modifies, or destroys his capacities. And how that milieu works, the psychiatrist and physician has ample opportunity to witness. To explain the individual and discuss his psychology as something distinct from the psychology of the society that daily becomes more complex and ranges from the remote past far into the future is, as the anatomists would say, a false dissection, by which structures are isolated from one another artificially and their organic connection destroyed. Therefore I have begun with the structure and organic functions of the individual and have endeavored to show how social forces, like the gases of the environment, sweep in and out of him--taking command of his viscera and transforming their functions into approved deeds, and creating within him both the pleasures of conformity and the bitter, self-dividing struggle that results from the disharmony of individual capacity and desire with social authority. While the facts presented are not new, the emphasis and formulation of principles are to a certain extent original, and they merit appreciative attention. I make no pretense of having fulfilled my aim completely, the shortcomings of my work being as discernible to me as to any critic; but withal, I hope and even feel assured that both the visceral-organic and the sociological bases of social psychology are here given the emphasis they deserve"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

Social Psychology provides student readers with essential help with all aspects of their first course in social psychology, including advice on revising for exams, preparing and writing course assessment materials, and enhancing and progressing their knowledge and skills in line with course requirements on a social psychology course