Suchergebnisse

Long description: Die USA durchliefen im 20. Jahrhundert einen enormen sozialen Wandel, im Zuge dessen auch Familienwerte und Geschlechternormen neu ausgehandelt wurden. Die Autorinnen und Autoren analysieren die damit einhergehende Veränderung von Weiblichkeits- und Männlichkeitskonzepten sowie von Mutter- und Vaterrollen. Am Beispiel von Immigration, Jugendkriminalität, Wohlfahrtspolitik, Reproduktion und Medien liefern die Beiträge ein anschauliches Bild von der Bedeutung der Familie als nationaler Kerneinheit.

Die USA durchliefen im 20. Jahrhundert einen enormen sozialen Wandel, im Zuge dessen auch Familienwerte und Geschlechternormen neu ausgehandelt wurden. Die Autorinnen und Autoren analysieren die damit einhergehende Veränderung von Weiblichkeits- und Männlichkeitskonzepten sowie von Mutter- und Vaterrollen. Am Beispiel von Immigration, Jugendkriminalität, Wohlfahrtspolitik, Reproduktion und Medien liefern die Beiträge ein anschauliches Bild von der Bedeutung der Familie als nationaler Kerneinheit.

Based on a novel class scheme and a unique compilation of German and American data, this book reveals that intergenerational class mobility increased over most of the past century. While country differences in intergenerational mobility are surprisingly small, gender, regional, racial and ethnic differences were initially large but declined over time. At the end of the 20th century, however, mobility prospects turned to the worse in both countries. In light of these findings, the book develops a narrative account of historical socio-political developments that are likely to have driven the basic resemblances across countries but also account for the initial decline and the more recent increase in intergenerational inequality.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Content -- Figures -- Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Social change and social mobility -- 2.1 Societal change and the occupational structure -- 2.2 Social mobility in industrial and post-industrial societies -- 2.3 Same, same but different? -- 3 Class and intergenerational mobility in contemporary societies -- 3.1 Gradational concepts of social inequality -- 3.2 Micro-classes and occupational class inequalities -- 3.3 Employment relations and social class: the EGP scheme -- 3.4 Exploitation and social class: Wright's class scheme -- 3.5 Social class and work logics: the Oesch scheme -- 3.6 Class and the division of labor: the Esping-Andersen scheme -- 4 The derivation of the IPICS class scheme -- 4.1 Horizontal differentiation according to the work logic -- 4.2 Vertical differentiation according to employment relations -- 4.3 Gender, race and class -- 4.4 Social mobility and IPICS -- 5 Horizontal and vertical stratification of occupational positions -- 5.1 Testing the validity of the IPICS classes -- 5.2 Horizontal differences between occupations -- 5.3 Vertical differences between occupations -- 6 Datasets, Operationalization and conceptual issues -- 6.1 Employed datasets for the analysis of social mobility -- 6.2 Occupational classifications and IPICS -- 6.3 Sample and cohort design -- 7 Empirical description of industrial and post-industrial classes -- 7.1 Socio-demographic composition -- 7.2 Class and educational assets -- 7.3 Class and economic assets -- 7.4 Class profiles -- 7.5 Class and structural change -- 8 Absolute Mobility in Germany over the 20th century -- 8.1 Changing distributions of education, origin and social class -- 8.2 Aggregated mobility patterns -- 8.3 Changing aggregated absolute mobility patterns -- 8.4 The evolution of segment-specific outflow mobility patterns -- 8.5 Summary.

This paper provides a broad overview of five perspectives on the public service ethics agenda, incorporating a current debate which may well emerge as the initial reform agenda of the new millennium. Perspectives explored include the politics/administration dichotomy, the New Public Administration's emphasis on individual responsibility in the context of strong organizational values and norms, the ethical risks of public entrepreneurship, and the recent emergence of spiritualism as a guide to public ethical decision-making. The authors conclude that we are entering a new era of public ethics where performance and morality will be accorded equal priority. They argue that public entrepreneurship is increasingly essential to meet the public's demands for government that works better and costs less. Most public officials will need on-the-job training and/or ethics courses in schools of public policy and administration to competently assess the ethical risks and dangers that a particular policy innovation may encompass.

As the twentieth century comes to a close, ethics is returning to the public sector reform agenda. Just as it was at the turn of this century the current focus is on the administrative branch of government. Then, as now, scandals involving elected officials prompted the reform initiatives. However, today there is far less consensus on the most appropriate elements of the reform agenda, perhaps reflecting a century of less than successful ethically-driven reforms.

ABSTRACT  This museum review places the American Anthropological Association's recent exhibition entitled "Race: Are We So Different?" into historical context by comparing it to other major exhibitions on race in the 20th century. I argue that although exhibitions on race in the 19th‐century United States are frequently examined in the historical and anthropological literature, later exhibitions from the 20th century are frequently forgotten. In particular, I compare the AAA's recent exhibition to displays originally crafted for the 1915 and 1933 World's Fairs.