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Abstract
Many recent studies estimate cost function parameters to measure the influence of capital-skill complementarity on changes in skill demand. This paper argues that standard cost function estimates assuming quasi-fixed capital systematically overestimate the effect of complementarity when subject to skill-biased technological change. While previous work has considered bias due to measurement error or general endogeneity concerns, this paper shows that upward bias results directly from cost minimizing behavior. I also develop a novel instrumental variables strategy based on the tax treatment of capital to more accurately measure the effect of complementarity. Although somewhat imprecise, the IV results support the model's prediction that the standard approach overestimates the effect of complementarity.

The objective of this research is to provide analysis on the current skills ecosystem in Moldova. This assessment is based on interviews with private sector representatives, training providers and government representatives, and desk research. The report presents its findings on skills demand and skills mismatches, the private sector's human resource management (HRM) practices and workforce development approaches, the education system and workforce training, and possibilities to strengthen future skills-forecasting practices in Moldova. The research is intended to provide ideas for strengthening structured private-sector engagement in skills development activities in the future to ensure the prevalence of demand-led and demand-responsive skills development initiatives. Additional information on the relevant legal framework governing labor and education, sectoral and education committees, and an overview of the education structure in Moldova, is provided in annexes to this report. Six sectors were selected for analysis based on their contribution to the Moldovan GDP (at the stage of the inception report), their shares of employment and exports, the registered number of SMEs, and their potential for growth. This report provides key findings from consultations across these six sectors. Detailed reports for each of the six sectors are available as a separate document. Secondary data and research included open online sources, including the website of the National Bureau of Statistics.

AbstractAdvances in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) technology have spurred a re-examination of technology's impacts on jobs and the economy. This article reviews several key contributions to the current jobs/AI debate, discusses their limitations and offers a modified approach, analysing two quantitative models in tandem. One uses robot stock data from the International Federation of Robotics as the primary indicator of robot use, whereas the other uses online job postings requiring robot-related skills. Together, the models suggest that since the Great Recession ended, robots have contributed positively to manufacturing employment in the USA at the metropolitan level.