Suchergebnisse

Nobody will out-argue the fact, that all of us are in social situations each day. Even being alone, we think over what impression we made on others, what we should do that the others valued us more favourably, that we were more attractive. Creation of good image and its preservation is very urgent in recent time period, when supply considerably exceeds demand in labour market, and a good impression directly affects job search, career success; when short-term interpersonal relations dominate, and communication, affiliation needs haven't died out yet, and, searching for new contacts, we want to be attractive, emotionally accepted, loveable. Much information, various instructions can be found, on how to create a good impression, how to present yourself to the employers, how to expose the best qualities of your personality in the presence of the surrounding people. However, still too little is written and spoken about one of the essential factors of personality attractiveness – self-monitoring, i.e., analysis, checking and correction of verbal and non-verbal information sent about you, about your behaviour, comparing it with social norms, behavioural standards, other people's reactions and expectations.

Background: A possible connection between Mark Snyder's concept of self-monitoring and anorexia nervosa (AN) has not previously been examined. Aims: We hypothesized that AN symptomatology correlates positively with the Other-Directedness aspect of Snyder's self-monitoring construct and negatively with its Extraversion aspect. Method: 194 women with a history of AN were classified as currently ill ( n = 17), partially recovered ( n = 106) and recovered ( n = 71).These women and 100 female controls with no history of an eating disorder completed Snyder's Self-Monitoring Scale (SMS) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). `Other-Directedness' and `Acting and Extraversion'subscales were derived from an exploratory factor analysis of the Hebrew version of the SMS. Mean total and subscale scores were compared across groups, and correlations were calculated between EAT-26 scores and SMS total and subscale scores. Results: Both subscales of the SMS correlated significantly with total scores but not with one another. As expected, AN symptomatology and EAT-26 scores were associated positively with Other-Directedness yet negatively with Acting and Extraversion, rendering the correlation with total SMS scores insignificant. Conclusion: Different aspects of Snyder's self-monitoring construct correlate in opposite directions with eating pathology and AN symptomatology. AN appears to be associated with high Other-Directedness but low Acting and Extroversion.

The Lennox-Wolfe Self-monitoring scale is examined for its capacity to predict "shrewd and pragmatic" styles of behavior in 95 subjects tested prior to entering college. The scale is shown to correlate with a measure of shyness (negatively) and sociability (positively) in
theoretically consistent directions. Results partially validate the self-monitoring scale.

In the present research, the relationship between the psychological construct of self-monitoring (Snyder, 1974) and consumer behavior is investigated. The word association study undertaken for the present paper was deliberately unstructured. This type of methodology provides respondents with a context free environment in which contents of fruit and vegetable knowledge structures can be elicited. This is the first such study that examines self-monitoring in a free-recall situation, and the results are instructive in providing more information on the specific nature of self-monitoring effects. Furthermore, the results of this study demonstrate a relationship between two sub-disciplines of psychology, namely self-monitoring (Snyder, 1974) and decision-making (Damasio, 1994; Epstein, 1997; Hammond, 1996).

This article explores the role of self-monitoring in the adaptation to different linguistic environments (dialects and foreign languages). An internet study (N = 505) found the motivation and ability of speakers of local German dialects to switch to the German high language (as measured by a specifically developed scale) to be moderately related (r = .24) to their self-monitoring scores. Further analyses found this relationship to be stronger for people with stronger dialects. Also, in a survey of German first-year students (N = 88) at a Dutch university, self-monitoring was strongly related (r = .43) to a scale measuring various aspects of adaptation to the Dutch language; high self-monitors also reported less social and study-related problems due to language. We conclude from these results that self-monitoring is an important determinant of oral linguistic adaptation. Put differently, our findings extend the reach of the self-monitoring construct to the domain of language.

The research described here was directed toward furthering our understanding of the antecedents of leadership emergence in groups. Kenny and Zaccaro (1983) have recently speculated that individuals who emerge as leaders may be able to perceive the needs of their group and pattern their own behavior accordingly. Past research strongly supports the notion that individuals who are high self-monitors possess skills corresponding to both these characteristics. Thus the present research examined the relationship between self-monitoring and leadership emergence in a long-term field study of natural groups. The expectation that high self-monitoring would be associated with leadership emergence received strong support. The implications of these results for furthering our understanding of the nature of self-monitoring and leadership are discussed.

Combining mentoring theory with social network theory, this study investigates the formation of mentoring networks. In a sample of 127 military officers, we test hypotheses regarding the relationship between self-monitoring personality and mentoring network characteristics. Protégé's self-monitoring orientation predicted the tie strength in his or her mentoring network. Results support the statement that personality variables predict the structure of social networks. In addition, results of the social network analysis confirm that individuals receive mentoring assistance from multiple mentors and that the mentoring network characteristics a protégé possesses differ depending on his/her self-monitoring orientation.

The present study examines self-consciousness (Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975) and self-monitoring (Snyder, 1974; Snyder & Gangestad, 1986) across cultures. Data from samples in Japan, Korea, and the United States were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three-dimensional model of the self-consciousness scale and the 18-item one-factor self-monitoring scale provided the best fit to the data from all three cultures. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that culture affected the three dimensions of self-consciousness, with significant differences emerging between the United States and Japanese samples on public self-consciousness, between Japan and Korea on private self-consciousness, and between the United States and both Japan and Korea on social anxiety. In addition, the U.S. sample reported significantly higher levels of self-monitoring than both the Japanese and Korean samples. These results are consistent with the hypotheses generated from Hofstede's (1980) theory of cultural differentiation.

Eighty-six Canadian female undergraduates attributed self-monitoring traits to a target presented on videotape, and evaluated her in terms of liking. Attributed self-monitoring was negatively correlated with attraction to the target and was the only predictor of attraction in a multiple
regression analysis. Multiple regression analyses with subscales of attributed self-monitoring as predictors suggested that the evaluations may be the result of the attributed unpredictability of the high self-monitoring prototype.

Communication between spouses is an important component of family therapy. Systematic self-monitoring by the spouses is an efficient, effective, and feasible technique available for therapists to use in helping resolve communication problems between spouses. The application of the technique is presented in a case illustration.