Suchergebnisse

International audience ; This paper analyses security sector reform (SSR) in Albania. In all its enterprises in reforming the security sector,Albania is assisted by different initiatives and projects that provide expertise and financial support. To assesswhether reforms improved the overall security environment (national and human) of the country, it is necessaryto measure the effectiveness of the various initiatives and projects. This is gauged by how well the initiatives andprojects achieved their defined goals, the level of coordination at the national and international level among thoseinstitutions working in the same specific field, and the sustainability and ownership of reforms. The evaluationof SSR in Albania is primarily based on official national documents, national legislation, situation reports ofAlbanian and international institutions related to reforms in the security sector, and national and internationalpress coverage of security events and incidents.The first part of this work describes the security sector in Albania and provides an overview of the securitychallenges the country faces. The second part of the paper offers an overview of the reforms and supportingprojects in the reformation, democratisation and conversion process of the police, human security and thejustice system. The human security section looks at the various issues of concern in this area via projectsthat encourage law enforcement, combat organised crime and illicit traffic and terrorism, mine action projects,small arms and light weapons control (SALWC), and projects that encourage community policing, etc. The thirdpart then discusses the Albanian Armed Forces (AAF), which are essential to the traditional national securityenvironment. The study closes with an analysis of the role of civil society and public opinion, and also offersrecommendations for national authorities, international authorities and civil social actors.

Over the last 60 years, Pakistan has witnessed recurrent political upheavals and security threats that have undermined any attempt in building strong democratic institutions. This is true also of the security sector and governance agencies that are perhaps facing their biggest internal and external security challenge since 2007. The stresses on Pakistan's security sector to protect the country's borders, its people and the nuclear arsenal are unprecedented. In the light of such problems, the article examines the efforts to build various institutions for addressing the country's security challenges as well as the reforms that have been undertaken to strengthen these institutions. The article concludes by recommending certain necessary steps required to establish a holistic security sector in order to safeguard its national interests.

Nepal's security sector is in a state of transition: from an old structural hierarchy in the security, judicial and administrative sectors to a security apparatus that is more democratic, transparent and accountable to the people. While security sector reforms (SSR) are crucial for the political stability of the country, SSR can be successfully implemented only when integrated into the larger government planning framework. To this end, any SSR programme will have to address important issues such as the reform of the Nepal Army (NA), which is perhaps the most important actor in Nepal's security landscape; integration of former Maoist rebels into the NA; and strengthening the Nepal Police and Armed Police Force (APF). Additionally, successful SSR implementation will require the drawing up of a national security policy for Nepal and the adoption of a holistic approach to safeguarding its security interests.

Bangladesh has both external and internal security concerns. As far as internal security is concerned, the list is of some length. It appears that the security sector, especially the police, has not been accountable, transparent and efficient in Bangladesh. Adequate and coherent measures for a holistic reform in the security sector have not been evident in Bangladesh. Moreover, there remains a lack of coordination and accountability even in the reforms undertaken. The effectiveness of any measures taken is further compromised by rampant corruption and bureaucratic lethargy. It is in this context that this article will aim to examine the functionality of the security sector in Bangladesh and the role of oversight mechanisms in making it more accountable to the people. The article will also discuss the key obstacles to reform in the security sector in Bangladesh.