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The CNIC's mission is to discover the causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD), translate basic research discoveries into clinical practice, promote health in society, and foster training and mentoring of up-and-coming scientists and physicians. Over its relatively short existence, the CNIC has built an unrivalled infrastructure and a powerful, crossdisciplinary research base that embraces multiple disciplines and includes population and patient studies. One of the keys to this achievement is the commitment of the Spanish government to building a flagship research institute to tackle the CVD epidemic. However, the public purse is only part of the story. The CNIC also boasts an agile management structure that promotes training and the exchange of ideas and expertise, as well as an unrivalled modern infrastructure of technical units and support services. Most importantly, the CNIC is funded through an innovative enterprise between the public sector and a private partner, the Pro-CNIC Foundation, which injects not only added financial security but also the wide-ranging business and management expertise of some of the most prominent Spanish businesses. The CNIC also benefits from the external support and advice of its Scientific Advisory Board, composed of leading international experts who provide guidance on strategy and recruitment and regularly evaluate the CNIC's performance. [.] ; No

The CNIC's mission is to discover the causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD), translate basic research discoveries into clinical practice, promote health in society, and foster training and mentoring of up-andcoming scientists and physicians. Over its relatively short existence, the CNIC has built an unrivalled infrastructure and a powerful, cross-disciplinary research base that embraces many disciplines and includes population and patient studies. A key factor in this achievement is the commitment of the Spanish government to building a flagship research institute to tackle the CVD epidemic. But the public purse is only part of the story. The CNIC also boasts an agile management structure that promotes training and the exchange of ideas and expertise, as well as a modern infrastructure of technical units and support services. Most importantly, the CNIC is supported through an innovative public–private initiative financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Pro CNIC Foundation. In 2018, the Pro CNIC Foundation renewed its commitment to the CNIC for a further 10 years. The CNIC has been a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence program since the inaugural awards in 2012. The most recent award was mainly used to fund seven intramural projects in a competitive call aimed at fostering collaborative projects between basic and clinical research groups. The CNIC is also a member of the alliance of Severo Ochoa Centers and María de Maeztu Units (SOMMa). The CNIC also benefits from the external support and advice of its Scientific Advisory Board, composed of leading international experts who provide guidance on strategy and recruitment and regularly evaluate the performance of the Center and its group leaders. In 2018, José Javier Fuster and Carlos Pérez Medina joined the Center as Assistant Professor and Assistant Health Scientist, respectively.

One of the CNIC's most important goals in these times of recession is to secure and maintain long term financial support. In June 2012, the Ministry for Economic Affairs and the consortium of private companies in the Pro-CNIC Foundation renewed their commitment to the CNIC. This unique public-private joint initiative is allowing our center to maintain the pioneering drive that resulted in our accreditation as a Severo Ochoa's Center of Excellence in 2011, one of only eight institutes to receive this award in its inaugural year. During 2012 the CNIC has been intensively seeking competitive external research funding, presenting more than 34 applications to the 7th European Union Framework Programme and 17 applications to other international agencies (NIH, Leducq Foundation, etc.). The Center also secured financing from the Spanish Company Fina Biotech to study genetic risk markers of restenosis after coronary stent implantation. The continuing support for the CNIC from the public and private sectors is based on the strength of our programs in basic and translational research and our innovative training programs aimed at identifying and supporting talent and cementing long term collaboration between basic researchers and clinicians. [.] ; Sí

The history of our young center has been dominated by our effort to install infrastructure and consolidate the base for our future development. In recent years we have seen the fruits of this effort in our ever stronger publication record, the organization of important clinical studies and the recruitment of top flight researchers. A key to our success is the social commitment from the private sector through the ProCNIC Foundation. The additional support for the Center from this public-private partnership liberates our ambition to aim for excellence, and provides us with invaluable business and organizational expertise. Looking at the achievements of 2011, no one could doubt that the CNIC now ranks as one of the leading biomedical research centers on the world stage. In a year filled with important landmarks for the CNIC, the crowning achievement was undoubtedly receiving the Premio Severo Ochoa in November. The Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program is a new government initiative that celebrates and rewards world-class excellence in Spanish research. The CNIC is one of eight garlanded centers, including Life and non Life Sciences centers, chosen from a cohort of seventy-five applicants in a highly competitive selection procedure. Twenty-two shortlisted candidates were assessed by panels of international experts led by nobel laureates in their respective fields. The Life Sciences and Medicine panel, chaired by Robert Huber of the Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, selected the CNIC among just three research institutes in this area. [.] ; No

When individuals breed more than once, parents are faced with the choice of whether to re-mate with their old partner or divorce and select a new mate. Evolutionary theory predicts that, following successful reproduction with a given partner, that partner should be retained for future reproduction. However, recent work in a polygamous bird, has instead indicated that successful parents divorced more often than failed breeders (Halimubieke et al. in Ecol Evol 9:10734-10745, 2019), because one parent can benefit by mating with a new partner and reproducing shortly after divorce. Here we investigate whether successful breeding predicts divorce using data from 14 well-monitored populations of plovers (Charadrius spp.). We show that successful nesting leads to divorce, whereas nest failure leads to retention of the mate for follow-up breeding. Plovers that divorced their partners and simultaneously deserted their broods produced more offspring within a season than parents that retained their mate. Our work provides a counterpoint to theoretical expectations that divorce is triggered by low reproductive success, and supports adaptive explanations of divorce as a strategy to improve individual reproductive success. In addition, we show that temperature may modulate these costs and benefits, and contribute to dynamic variation in patterns of divorce across plover breeding systems. ; Chinese Scholarship CouncilChina Scholarship Council; Royal Society Wolfson Merit AwardRoyal Society of London [WM170050]; APEX [APX\R1\191045]; Leverhulme TrustLeverhulme Trust [RF/2/RFG/2005/0279, ID200660763]; National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary [ELVONAL KKP-126949, K-116310, NN 125642]; [NBAF547]; [NBAF933]; [NBAF441] ; This work was supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council (to NH). Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award WM170050, APEX APX\R1\191045 and Leverhulme Trust (RF/2/RFG/2005/0279, ID200660763) (to TS). the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (ELVONAL KKP-126949, K-116310 (to TS, JOV, VK and NH); NN 125642 (to AK and GCM)). NBAF-Sheffield supported by grants (NBAF547, NBAF933, NBAF441). Other funding sources of fieldworks are provided in the Supplementary acknowledgements. We thank all fieldwork volunteers and people who have helped with data collection. Thanks to Andras Liker, Philippa Harding, Zitan Song, Claire Tanner and Kees Wanders for their advice on previous versions of the manuscript. We also thank Siyu Ding for providing original plover illustrations and the map in Fig. 1. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

The aerodynamics of flying birds and insects plays a crucial role in the domain of aeronautical engineering. The energy-efficient construction of winglets for airplanes, the formation flight of tactical aircraft or the drone engineering or military applications are inspired by birds. This holds also for flow and structure simulation of flapping wing motion, taking the unsteady aerodynamics and corresponding wing deformations into account at high flow velocities and flapping ...

"Report was assembled from the contributions made by numerous government agencies, private and state institutions and industrial groups." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Ausgehend von den politischen und gesellschaftlichen Randbedingungen werden die Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten zur sicheren Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle, wie sie im Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe im Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung durchgeführt wurden, zusammengestellt. Die Organisationformen und die jeweils wesentlichen Forschungsthemen werden genannt sowie die gegenwärtigen Forschungsthemen und die Einbindung des Instituts in Lehre und Ausbildung und in ...

Universitäten werden verstärkt als globale Handlungsakteure wahrgenommen. Dabei wird ihr Erfolg noch verstärkt, wenn sie in einem engen Netzwerk von lokalen und regionalen Akteuren (Bevölkerung, Politik und Wirtschaft) agieren. Diese Studie untersucht nun Einfluss, Interaktion und Abhängigkeit zwischen dem Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) (als Zusammenschluss des Forschungszentrums Karlsruhe und der Universität Karlsruhe gegründet) der Stadt Karlsruhe und der TechnologieRegion ...

Numerous historical works have mentioned that trade routes were to blame for the spread of plague in European history, yet this relationship has never been tested by quantitative evidence. Here, we resolve the hypothetical role of trade routes through statistical analysis on the geo-referenced major trade routes in the early modern period and the 6,656 geo-referenced plague outbreak records in AD1347-1760. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation results show that major trade routes played a dominant role in spreading plague in pre-industrial Europe. Furthermore, the negative correlation between plague outbreaks and their distance from major trade ports indicates the absence of a permanent plague focus in the inland areas of Europe. Major trade routes decided the major plague outbreak hotspots, while navigable rivers determined the geographic pattern of sporadic plague cases. A case study in Germany indicates that plague penetrated further into Europe through the local trade route network. Based on our findings, we propose the mechanism of plague transmission in historical Europe, which is imperative in demonstrating how pandemics were spread in recent human history. ; Hui Oi-Chow Trust Fund [201502172003, 201602172006]; Research Grants Council of The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China [HKU745113H, 17610715] ; This research was supported by the Hui Oi-Chow Trust Fund (201502172003 and 201602172006) and Research Grants Council of The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKU745113H and 17610715).

Librarians who work with government publications have long been concerned about the many US government documents that remain inaccessible and, in some cases, difficult to discover. In 1976, Ruth Smith reported to the Public Printer's Depository Library Council, "A conservative estimate is that 50% of the Federal documents published are not main stream publications. In one way or another they manage to elude national announcement. They are not sent to GPO or NTIS [US National Technical Information Service] and are not widely advertised."1 In 1993, Peter Hernon expressed this common concern: "We can question how the public can learn about the existence of particular information resources and services, how public access can be guaranteed and enhanced, and how information services can be standardized and seamlessly linked for better use."2 The problem is considered so serious that in 2004 the Fugitive and Electronic-Only Documents Committee of the American Association of Law Libraries Government Documents Special Interest Section sponsored the first annual Fugitive Documents Week to encourage librarians to report fugitive documents to the US Government Printing Office (GPO).3