Suchergebnisse

Sandstone and travertine are sedimentary rocks. The former is clastic, while the latter is sourced by chemical precipitation from hot springs. Their applications in civil engineering structures are mostly influenced by the ability to carry compression loading. A three-point bending experiment is usually used to determine material characteristics. However it does not correspond very well to applicatiosn in structures. For this reason we used a uniaxial compression test to obtain the modulus of elasticity and the stress-strain diagram. To obtain detailed information about the crystalline structure of sandstone and travertine a microscopic analysis wascarried out, using optical microscopy and an EDAX multichannel spectrometer for elementary microanalysis.

SYNOPSISThis study considers the groundwater conditions for the period 1948–82 in the Permo‐Triassic Sandstone aquifer of the Liverpool area. During this period, significant changes have occurred in the abstraction patterns and a new railway tunnel has been constructed below sea level in Central Liverpool. To understand the flow conditions within the aquifer, detailed studies have been carried out into the aquifer properties, the influence of rivers and tunnels, and the estimation of recharge. It is found that conventional rainfall recharge accounts for only one‐third of the total recharge.Numerical model solutions were used to check the adequacy of the understanding of the flow processes and the solutions have confirmed that the rising water levels in Central Liverpool result from high recharge and a reduction in abstraction. Having validated the model by comparisons with field data, the model was then used to predict the probable future water level changes.