Suchergebnisse

The issue of the Soviet Union's assistance to China in the 1950s and the subsequent dispatch of a large number of Soviet specialists cannot be fully studied without revealing the role of translators in the process of providing this assistance, because it was translators who were the main link that allowed to transfer of extensive Soviet experience to the Chinese side. The Chinese archival documents at our disposal allow us to reveal the nature and content of the work of Chinese translators with Soviet specialists in the territory of Shaanxi Province. Thanks to the concentrated assistance of the USSR to create military facilities during the first and partly second Chinese five-year plans, this province became a new center of military production in China. The content of our documents allows us to reveal the methods and principles of the organization of translation activities by the Chinese leadership for Soviet specialists during the years of the Great Leap Forward. It is in the documents of this period that we can detect the emergence of a new understanding of the basic functions of the translator. If previously translators were mainly a link for the transfer of Soviet knowledge and experience to the Chinese side, then in the years of the Great Leap Forward one of the main functions of the translator was the task of relaying Chinese ideological postulates in relation to specialists. Chinese side tried to convey the ideas of the "big leap" to the soviet specialists through translators in order to turn them into a tool for implementing the super-tasks for Chinese society. In this regard, one of the main requirements for Chinese translators was their ideological literacy, which was even higher than knowledge of the Russian language and translation skills. At the same time attempts at ideological pressure on Soviet specialists led to increased alienation and conflicts between the parties.

The author expresses his gratitude to Sergey Smirnov, Professor of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of UrFU, for his help in writing the article.

In this article the labor behavior of representatives of mass trades of the Russian intelligentsia under conditions of the transforming economy is analyzed. Neoinstitutional concepts concerning social embeddedness of economic behavior have served as a theoretical framework for this work. The author tries to answer the question why a new configuration of rules of economic life has so weakly affected labor strategies of a significant part of "Soviet specialists" and has not resulted in total reorganization of the labor market. The research project "Organization of daily life and reproduction of social structure in Russia (the case of St. Petersburg)" is the empirical base for this article.

The article is devoted to the process of creating the military industry with the help of soviet specialists under the project "156 manufacturing facilities" in the territory of the Chinese province of Shaanxi in the 1950s. The analysis is based on previously unstudied materials from 1958-1960 years of Shaanxi province central archive. The article gives a general description of the activities of Soviet specialists in a number of Chinese military enterprises. It also gives the statistics of the total number of Soviet specialists in the 1950s in Shaanxi and describes their activities and contribution to the development of the Chinese military industry. ; В статье рассматривается процесс создания военной промышленности на территории китайской провинции Шэньси в 1950-е гг. при помощи советских специалистов в рамках проекта «156 производственных объектов». Анализ строится на ранее не изученных материалах 1958-1960 гг. центрального архива провинции Шэньси. В статье даётся общая характеристика деятельности советских специалистов на ряде китайских военных предприятий. Предлагается статистика общего количества советских специалистов в 1950-е гг. в Шэньси, описывается их деятельность и конкретный вклад в дело развития китайской военной промышленности.