Suchergebnisse

IntroductionVietnamese American men have smoking prevalence rates higher than the general population. We analyzed Vietnamese American smoking behavior by demographic and health-related factors, including some specific to Vietnamese, in the largest tobacco-specific survey yet targeting the Vietnamese population.MethodsUsing a statewide surname probability sample and computer-assisted telephone interviewing, we surveyed 1,101 Vietnamese men and 1,078 Vietnamese women in California (63.5% participation among successfully contacted eligible individuals) in 2007-2008. We conducted multivariate regression models to analyze the association between Vietnamese male smoking status and demographic and health-related factors.ResultsAmong women, <1% were current smokers and <2% were former smokers. Among men, 25% were current and 24% were former smokers. Regression models for Vietnamese men delineated factors associated with both current and former smoking (vs. never smoking): being married, being employed, having lower educational attainment, and consuming alcohol. Other factors associated with current smoking (vs. never smoking) were having no health insurance, having seen a Vietnamese doctor or no doctor visit in the past year, having Vietnamese military or Vietnamese reeducation camp experience, having less knowledge about the harms of smoking, and reporting higher depression symptoms. Increasing age and not being Buddhist were associated with former (vs. never) smoking.DiscussionSmoking patterns of Vietnamese women and Vietnamese men are significantly different from the general California population. Tobacco control efforts targeting Vietnamese men should include community outreach since current smokers have low health care access, utilization, and knowledge.

Introduction: Vietnamese American men have smoking prevalence rates higher than the general population. We analyzed Vietnamese American smoking behavior by demographic and health-related factors, including some specific to Vietnamese, in the largest tobacco-specific survey yet targeting the Vietnamese population. Methods: Using a statewide surname probability sample and computer-assisted telephone interviewing, we surveyed 1,101 Vietnamese men and 1,078 Vietnamese women in California (63.5% participation among successfully contacted eligible individuals) in 2007-2008. We conducted multivariate regression models to analyze the association between Vietnamese male smoking status and demographic and health-related factors. Results: Among women, <1% were current smokers and <2% were former smokers. Among men, 25% were current and 24% were former smokers. Regression models for Vietnamese men delineated factors associated with both current and former smoking (vs. never smoking): being married, being employed, having lower educational attainment, and consuming alcohol. Other factors associated with current smoking (vs. never smoking) were having no health insurance, having seen a Vietnamese doctor or no doctor visit in the past year, having Vietnamese military or Vietnamese reeducation camp experience, having less knowledge about the harms of smoking, and reporting higher depression symptoms. Increasing age and not being Buddhist were associated with former (vs. never) smoking. Discussion: Smoking patterns of Vietnamese women and Vietnamese men are significantly different from the general California population. Tobacco control efforts targeting Vietnamese men should include community outreach since current smokers have low health care access, utilization, and knowledge. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved.

Background: Habitual smoking is prevalent in military populations, but whether smoking status influences physical fitness development during training is not clear. Aims: We investigated the effect of smoking status on physical fitness parameters during initial British Army Infantry training. Methods: Routine measures of physical fitness (2.4 km run time and maximum number of press ups and sit ups in two minutes) were obtained in 1,182 male recruits (mean ± SD: age 20 ± 3 y, body mass 70.6 ± 9.8 kg, height 1.77 ± 0.07 m; 58% smokers) at weeks 1, 14 and 24 of initial military training. A linear mixed model was used to identify differences in performance between smokers and nonsmokers over time. Results: Non-smokers performed significantly better than smokers in all performance tests (P0.05). Run performance improved by 7% in non-smokers (estimated marginal means with 95% confidence limits; 612 (608-616) s to 567 (562-572) s) and 8% in smokers (622 (619-625) s to 571 (568-575) s). Press up performance improved by 18% in non-smokers (48.3 (47.1-49.4) to 57.0 (55.6-58.3)) and 23% in smokers (44.1 (43.2-45.1) to 54.5 (53.3-55.6)) and sit up performance by 15% in non-smokers (57.3 (56.3-58.2) to 66.0 (64.9-67.2)) and 18% in smokers (53.8 (53.0-54.6) to 63.3 (62.3- 64.3)). Conclusions: Smokers exhibited lower muscular and cardiorespiratory endurance performance than non-smokers. Unexpectedly however, no significant differences in improvement in performance indices were demonstrated between smokers and non-smokers during military training.

The association between the sociotropic/autonomic personality characteristics, depressive symptoms and cigarette-smoking status of 385 male and 241 female university students was examined. Depressive symptoms and sociotropic/autonomic personality were measured using the Beck
Depression Inventory (adapted for use in Turkey by Hisli [1998]) and the Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (adapted for use in Turkey by Şahin, Ulusoy, & Şahin [1993]); smoking behaviors were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association
between sociotropic/autonomic personality characteristics, depressive symptoms and cigarette-smoking status. Current smokers showed a trend, scoring higher than nonsmokers on depressive symptoms, and they also scored significantly higher than nonsmokers on autonomy. Results also show that
depressive symptoms (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.05–1.10), and autonomy (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01–1.03) were predictive variables of current smoking status.

The present study was carried out to define the power and efficiency of thiocyanate as a discriminator for smoking status, and to apply some principles of decision and utility analysis to aid in the utilization of the diagnostic test in an intervention program. Data from 652 participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) were used to derive the sensitivity and specificity of the thiocyanate test. Predictive values were computed based upon new prevalence estimates in order to determine the predictive validity of the test in various samples of smokers. The second part of the paper investigated the impact of various costs of errors of diagnosis upon an intervention program using thiocyanate as a discriminator variable. Implications for the use in intervention programs of thiocyanate as opposed to screening procedures are discussed.

BACKGROUND: Many military veterans in the United States with coronary artery disease continue to smoke despite undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Previous studies have described improved cardiovascular outcomes in smokers, the so‐called "smokers' paradox." In this study, we examined the effects of smoking on cardiovascular outcomes following PCI. HYPOTHESIS: Do patients who smoke have different post‐PCI outcomes than nonsmokers? METHODS: All patients who underwent PCI at a single US Veterans Administration hospital from 2004 to 2009 were followed. Outcomes of interest included myocardial infarction, unplanned coronary intervention, unplanned cardiac hospitalization, death, and a composite of events for 6 months after PCI. Changes in traditional risk factors were also assessed. RESULTS: Unadjusted analysis revealed that in almost all categories, smokers had lower incidence of adverse events than nonsmokers. However, after adjusting for the older age of the nonsmokers, no favorable statistical trend toward smokers was seen. Significant improvement in blood pressure and lipid levels were seen in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for differences in age, there did not appear to be any protective effect of smoking on cardiovascular outcomes following PCI. Smokers achieved similar degrees of risk factor optimization during the follow‐up period as their nonsmoker counterparts. Aggressive efforts to decrease the prevalence of smoking must be maintained.

Purpose. The study investigated the relationships among local smoke-free public policies, county-level quitline call rate, and adult smoking status. Design. A retrospective cross-sectional examination of demographic characteristics, smoking status of Kentuckians, and data from the Kentucky Tobacco Quitline were used to investigate the relationship of local smoke-free ordinances or Board of Health regulations together with county-level quitline use rates and population-level adult smoking status. Setting. One hundred and four Kentucky counties. Subjects. The sample was comprised of 14,184 Kentucky participants with complete demographic information collected from the 2009–2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Measures. Individual-level demographics and smoking status from the BRFSS; county-level urban/rural status; quitline rates; and smoke-free policy status. Analysis. Given the hierarchical structure of the dataset, with BRFSS respondents nested within county, multilevel modeling was used to determine the predictors of smoking status. Results. For every 1-unit increase in the county-level call rate the likelihood of current smoking status decreased by 9%. Compared to those living in communities without a policy, those in communities with a smoke-free public policy were 18% less likely to be current smokers. Limitations include quitline call rate as the sole indicator of cessation demand, as well as the cross-sectional design. Conclusion. Communities with smoke-free policies and higher rates of quitline use have lower rates of adult smoking.

<i>Background:</i> Individuals with a family history of lung cancer have a two- to threefold increased risk for developing this disease. Family history information may be useful in lung cancer prevention and control approaches, but research is needed regarding how individuals interpret this information. This study examined associations between lung cancer family history and individuals' risk perceptions, based on smoking status. <i>Methods:</i> Data were analyzed from 5,105 U.S. adult respondents to the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey, which was conducted with a nationally representative sample. <i>Results:</i> In multivariate models, family history of lung cancer was positively associated with absolute and relative risk perceptions among all respondents (β = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.33–0.87 and β = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04–0.31, respectively) and among never smokers (β = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.14–0.67 and β = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.01–0.27, respectively). However, these associations were not significant for current and former smokers. <i>Conclusion:</i> While perceived risk was associated with family history of lung cancer among never smokers, this was not true for other smoking status subgroups. Therefore, former and current smokers might not respond as intended to cancer prevention or cessation messages tailored based on family history. The results suggest directions for future research into how to best integrate family history information into prevention and control efforts.

Background: Healthy lifestyle is important in promoting health and reducing risk of chronic diseases. Nurses' lifestyle could be affected negatively by working night shifts or always rotating shifts, long working hours and high exposure to work-related stress. Purpose: This study aims to assess nurses' lifestyle and factors associated with it. Methods: A cross-sectional design with an online survey was used in this study. The sample included 203 Jordanian nurses from four hospitals. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while dietary habits were assessed using the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Shortened Version. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Nurses' mean age was 32.7±5.66 years and on average, they have 8.27±5.63 years of experience. Approximately, 25% of nurses were tobacco smokers. The majority of nurses reported poor sleep quality (n = 174, 85.5%). Approximately, 58% of nurses were overweight or obese and 41.9% of nurses had poor dietary habits. Only 39.5% of nurses reported moderate or high levels of activity. Conclusion: Jordanian nurses' lifestyle showed poor quality in most aspects. Implications for Nursing: Nurses should be aware of the importance of adopting a healthier lifestyle to prevent possible complications. Nurse leaders should consider the health status of nurses and prevent illnesses by encouraging a healthier lifestyle of nurses. Keywords: Nurses, Lifestyle, Sleep quality, Dietary habits, Nutritional status, Physical activity.

Background and aims: Cigarette smoking takes place within a cultural and social context. Political views and practices are an important part of that context. To gain a better understanding of smoking, it may be helpful to understand its association with voting patterns as an expression of the political views and practices of the population who smoke. This study aimed to assess the association between cigarette smoking and voting intentions and to examine how far any association can be explained by sociodemographic factors and alcohol use. Methods: Pooled monthly representative repeat cross-sectional household surveys of adults (16+) in England (N = 55,482) between 2015-2020 were used to assess the association between cigarette smoking status and voting intentions, and whether this was accounted for by age, occupational grade, gender, region and alcohol use. Voting intention was measured by asking 'How would you vote if there were a General Election tomorrow?' Respondents chose from a list of the major English political parties or indicated their intention not to vote. Results: In adjusted multinomial regression, compared with intending to vote Conservative (majority party of government during the period), being undecided (aOR1.22 [1.13-1.33] <0.001), intending to vote Labour (aOR1.27 [1.16-1.36] <0.001), to vote "Other" (aOR1.54 [1.37-1.72] <0.001), or not to vote (aOR1.93 [1.77-2.11] <0.001) was associated with higher odds of current relative to never smoking rates. Intending to vote for the Liberal Democrats was associated with a significant lower odds of current smoking prevalence (aOR0.80 [0.70-0.91] <0.001) compared with intending to vote Conservative. Conclusions: Controlling for a range of other factors, current as compared with never-smokers appear more likely to intend not to vote, to be undecided, to vote for Labour or a non-mainstream party, and less likely to vote for the Liberal Democrats, compared with the Conservative party.

Abstract Background Implementation of smoke free policies has potentially substantial effects on health by reducing secondhand smoke exposure. However little is known about whether the introduction of anti-smoking legislation translates into decreased secondhand smoke exposure. We examined whether smoking bans impact rates of secondhand smoke exposure in public places and rates of complete workplace smoking restriction. Methods Canadian Community Health Survey was used to obtain secondhand smoking exposure rates in 15 Ontario municipalities. Data analysis included descriptive summaries and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared across groups Results Across all studied municipalities, secondhand smoke exposure in public places decreased by 4.7% and workplace exposure decreased by 2.3% between the 2003 and 2005 survey years. The only jurisdiction to implement a full ban from no previous ban was also the only setting that experienced significant decreases in both individual exposure to secondhand smoke in a public place (-17.3%, 95% CI -22.8, -11.8) and workplace exposure (-18.1%, 95% CI -24.9, -11.3). Exposures in vehicles and homes declined in almost all settings over time. Conclusions Implementation of a full smoking ban was associated with the largest decreases in secondhand smoke exposure while partial bans and changes in existing bans had inconsistent effects. In addition to decreasing exposure in public places as would be expected from legislation, bans may have additional benefits by decreasing rates of current smokers and decreasing exposures to secondhand smoke in private settings.