Suchergebnisse

Eliminating the opportunities to successfully acquire data from mobile devices is a critical security objective for certain organisations. In particular, Government agencies require assurance that classified data is secured against hostile forensic analysis. The Secure Systems Silicon Data Vault (SDV) is a hardware based data encryption and access control device that has been accredited by the Australian Government to secure classified information held on laptops and portable hard disk drives; hardware is recognised as a superior trusted platform to implement security mechanisms. The SDV's 128bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptography, sophisticated key management & access controls and total disk encryption makes the SDV an extremely difficult device from which to acquire data and perform forensic analysis. With the increasing functionality and storage capabilities of Smartphones strong security mechanisms are required by organisations that may hold sensitive data on these devices. Software based security applications exist for Smartphones that provide good security and severely impact the acquisition of data suitable for forensic analysis. If strong hardware based security can be integrated into a Smartphone, forensic analysis could be further constrained. This paper considers the feasibility of implementing the SDV technology into a Palm Treo. An overview of the SDV is given and six security design principles are enumerated. Implementation of the six design principles ensure the SDV provides strong security. The Treo architecture is reviewed and the concept of operation enumerated. The challenges with respect to implementing a Smartphone SDV that is conformant with the security design principles are discussed. Possible Smartphone SDV conceptual designs are presented. The concept of operation, implementation issues and conformance of each conceptual design to the SDV security design principles are discussed.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) for the EU territory. SDV is a well-known pathogen and the type species of the genus Sadwavirus in the family Secoviridae. SDV is now considered to include several other formerly distinct viruses which are therefore also covered in the present opinion. Citrus species and their relatives represent the main hosts of SDV and efficient diagnostic techniques are available. SDV is listed on some of its known hosts in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC. It is transmitted by vegetative propagation of infected hosts and presumably through the soil, but the precise mechanism or vector(s) are still unknown. SDV is present in Asia and is not known to occur in the EU. Therefore, it does not meet this criterion to qualify as a Union regulated non-quarantine pest (RNPQ). Plants for planting represent the main pathway for the entry, but this pathway is closed by existing legislation for the main hosts (Citrus, Fortunella and Poncirus). SDV is, however, able to enter the EU on plants for plants of its unregulated rutaceous or non-rutaceous hosts. Should it be introduced, SDV has the potential to establish and subsequently spread with plants for planting and, possibly, through its poorly characterised natural spread mechanism(s). SDV is able to cause severe symptoms, quality and yield losses on a range of citrus crops. Overall, SDV meets all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as a Union quarantine pest. The main knowledge gaps and uncertainties concern (1) the potential significance of the unregulated rutaceous and non-rutaceous hosts for virus dissemination and epidemiology, (2) the origin and trade volume of the plants for planting of these host imported in the EU and (3)the efficiency of natural spread of SDV under EU conditions.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) for the EU territory. SDV is a well-known pathogen and the type species of the genus Sadwavirus in the family Secoviridae. SDV is now considered to include several other formerly distinct viruses which are therefore also covered in the present opinion. Citrus species and their relatives represent the main hosts of SDV and efficient diagnostic techniques are available. SDV is listed on some of its known hosts in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC. It is transmitted by vegetative propagation of infected hosts and presumably through the soil, but the precise mechanism or vector(s) are still unknown. SDV is present in Asia and is not known to occur in the EU. Therefore, it does not meet this criterion to qualify as a Union regulated non-quarantine pest (RNPQ). Plants for planting represent the main pathway for the entry, but this pathway is closed by existing legislation for the main hosts (Citrus, Fortunella and Poncirus). SDV is, however, able to enter the EU on plants for plants of its unregulated rutaceous or non-rutaceous hosts. Should it be introduced, SDV has the potential to establish and subsequently spread with plants for planting and, possibly, through its poorly characterised natural spread mechanism(s). SDV is able to cause severe symptoms, quality and yield losses on a range of citrus crops. Overall, SDV meets all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as a Union quarantine pest. The main knowledge gaps and uncertainties concern (1) the potential significance of the unregulated rutaceous and non-rutaceous hosts for virus dissemination and epidemiology, (2) the origin and trade volume of the plants for planting of these host imported in the EU and (3)the efficiency of natural spread of SDV under EU conditions.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) for the EU territory. SDV is a well‐known pathogen and the type species of the genus Sadwavirus in the family Secoviridae. SDV is now considered to include several other formerly distinct viruses which are therefore also covered in the present opinion. Citrus species and their relatives represent the main hosts of SDV and efficient diagnostic techniques are available. SDV is listed on some of its known hosts in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC. It is transmitted by vegetative propagation of infected hosts and presumably through the soil, but the precise mechanism or vector(s) are still unknown. SDV is present in Asia and is not known to occur in the EU. Therefore, it does not meet this criterion to qualify as a Union regulated non‐quarantine pest (RNPQ). Plants for planting represent the main pathway for the entry, but this pathway is closed by existing legislation for the main hosts (Citrus, Fortunella and Poncirus). SDV is, however, able to enter the EU on plants for plants of its unregulated rutaceous or non‐rutaceous hosts. Should it be introduced, SDV has the potential to establish and subsequently spread with plants for planting and, possibly, through its poorly characterised natural spread mechanism(s). SDV is able to cause severe symptoms, quality and yield losses on a range of citrus crops. Overall, SDV meets all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as a Union quarantine pest. The main knowledge gaps and uncertainties concern (1) the potential significance of the unregulated rutaceous and non‐rutaceous hosts for virus dissemination and epidemiology, (2) the origin and trade volume of the plants for planting of these host imported in the EU and (3) the efficiency of natural spread of SDV under EU conditions.

BACKGROUND: The Veterans Health Administration's system for documenting self-directed violence (SDV) requires that clinicians make a determination of the suicidal intent of the behavior (ie, "undetermined" intent vs. "suicide attempt") which contributes to the enhanced care offered. Past studies suggest clinicians' judgment of suicide risk is impacted by patient demographics regardless of clinical presentation. As women are less likely to die by suicide than men, women's SDV may be taken less seriously; they may be more likely to have their SDV classified as "undetermined" than men, which may impact the care received. OBJECTIVES: This study examines whether women veterans' SDV is disproportionately classified as "undetermined" suicidal intent versus "suicide attempt" as compared with men veterans, and how one's classification and gender modifies the care received. RESEARCH DESIGN: This was an observational, retrospective study of data from Veterans Health Administration administrative databases. We included all veterans with documented nonfatal "undetermined" SDV events and "suicide attempts" between 2013 and 2018 (N = 55,878). Objectives were evaluated using mixed-effects logistic regression models. RESULTS: Women veterans were disproportionately more likely than men veterans to have SDV classified as "undetermined" (odds ratio = 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.27). Veterans who received an "undetermined" classification were significantly less likely to receive enhanced care. However, this relationship was not moderated by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Gender may impact clinicians' determinations of intent of SDV, but more research is needed on the extent of classification biases and to understand causes. Further, classification of intent is critical, as there is a strong relationship between classification and enhanced care.

Abstract. Background: Surveillance systems capturing instances of self-directed violence (SDV) continue to lack uniform nomenclature and classification methodology. Aims: To apply and compare two retrospective surveillance approaches to youth experiencing SDV presenting to two urban hospitals with Level I Trauma Centers. Method: Two suicide attempt surveillance methods where retrospectively applied to our SDV cohort: (a) a rigorous method facilitated by medical record review and application of standardized classification; and (b) a common surveillance method conducted by systematic queries of suicide attempt key terms and diagnosis codes among hospital databases. Results: Rigorous surveillance identified 249 patients attempting suicide. The common method's querying suicide attempt in the chief complaint field had a high positive predictive value and specificity; however, sensitivity was low. Limitations: Authors were unable to determine whether all SDV encounters during the study timeframe were identified for initial screening owing to the hospital's lack of a uniform nomenclature or classification system. Conclusion: Results showed underreporting of suicide attempt cases, inadequate sensitivity and specificity in common surveillance methods, and skewed demographic representation compared with the rigorous surveillance method. This study elucidates the negative impact of inconsistent SDV nomenclature including impeding effective patient identification, treatment, surveillance, and generalizable research.

AbstractUnderstanding phenotypic sex differences has long been a goal of biology from both a medical and evolutionary perspective. Although much attention has been paid to mean differences in phenotype between the sexes, little is known about sex differences in phenotypic variability. To gain insight into sex differences in interindividual variability at the molecular level, we analyzed RNA-seq data from 43 tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx). Within each tissue, we identified genes that show sex differences in gene expression variability. We found that these sex-differentially variable (SDV) genes are associated with various important biological functions, including sex hormone response, immune response, and other signaling pathways. By analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing data collected from breast epithelial cells, we found that genes with sex differences in gene expression variability in breast tissue tend to be expressed in a cell-type-specific manner. We looked for an association between SDV expression and Graves' disease, a well-known heavily female-biased disease, and found a significant enrichment of Graves' associated genes among genes with higher variability in females in thyroid tissue. This suggests a possible role for SDV expression in sex-biased disease. We then examined the evolutionary constraints acting on genes with sex differences in variability and found that they exhibit evidence of increased selective constraint. Through analysis of sex-biased eQTL data, we found evidence that SDV expression may have a genetic basis. Finally, we propose a simple evolutionary model for the emergence of SDV expression from sex-specific constraints.

Like many national presses in Europe, the Belgian press divides ideologically. Each daily newspaper represents the views of a political party, or expresses the perspective of a political or religious belief. Newspaper readers therefore tend to select the newspaper that most closely corresponds to their world-view. Ten publishers of Belgian dailies and weeklies formed a consortium, Central Station, to operate a website that would offer a crossection of all the participating periodicals' articles on a variety of subjects. The articles would appear in print in their separate newspapers in the morning, but would be available that evening on the Central Station website. Fee-paying users could search the website by subject, and could call up one, some, or all of the different newspapers' articles on that subject. While the publishers cooperated with each other to create and maintain the website, they neither sought permission from the authors of the articles published in the daily print editions, nor offered to pay them for the electronic dissemination of the articles via the website.

"Werden – Wachsen – Wollen" – so lautete der Leitspruch des am 1. April 1922 in Saarbrücken neu gegründeten katholischen Druck- und Verlagshauses SAARBRÜCKER DRUCKEREI UND VERLAG AG. Entstanden war das Unternehmen aus der Verschmelzung der beiden katholischen Saarbrücker Zeitungsverlage SAARBRÜCKER VOLKSZEITUNG GMBH und SAAR-POST GMBH bzw. SAARBRÜCKER DRUCKEREI- UND VERLAGS-GESELLSCHAFT MBH, die bereits zuvor in einer Arbeitsgemeinschaft seit dem 1. Juli 1920 die Saarbrücker Landes-Zeitung herausgaben. Binnen kürzester Zeit avancierte das Blatt zum publizistischen Aushängeschlid des Verlages und zur auflagenstärksten katholischen Tageszeitung der Saarregion. Für die Landes-Zeitung, die die Pressegeschichte an der Saar in den 1920er und 1930er Jahren maßgeblich mitbestimmte und prägte, arbeiteten namhafte katholische Pressemacher wie Dr. Anton Betz, Dr. Peter Dückers oder Johannes Hoffmann. Flankiert wurde das Zentrumsorgan von dem religiös ausgerichteten Wochenblatt Sonntagsglocken an der Saar und einem breiten Sortiment an Periodika, darunter auch Fachmagazine sowie Verbands- und Vereinszeitschriften. Darüber hinaus erwarb das Verlagsunternehmen Beteiligungen an Druckereien und Zeitungen in allen Landesteilen des Saargebietes. Spätestens ab Mitte der 1920er Jahre bildete der Buchverlag mit der Publikation von heimatkundlichen, politischen, geschichtlichen, theologischen und religiösen Titeln die zweite tragende Firmensäule der SDV AG. Ergänzend dazu unterhielt man mit der GÖRRES-BUCHHANDLUNG das saargebietsweit größte katholische Buchgeschäft. Dritter und letzter Geschäftssektor des Unternehmens, das zeitweise bis zu 300 Mitarbeitern ein Auskommen bot, war der Akzidenzdruck. Ihren Sitz hatte die SDV AG in Saarbrücken, wo sie in den Jahren 1925/1926 in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Hauptbahnhof an der Ecke Königin-Luisen- und Viktoriastraße vom Stuttgarter Architekten Hans Herkommer ein modernes Verlags- und Repräsentationsgebäude errichten ließ. Im Fokus der vorliegenden verlagshistorischen Studie steht das ...

Desde nuestra labor como docentes e investigadoras, venimos trabajando los diálogos fértiles que se abren entre la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS) y la Economía Feminista (EF). En las últimas tres ediciones (2019-2021-2022) del Curso-Taller Cooperativismo y Economía Solidaria abordamos esta intersección. El objetivo de la comunicación, es generar una reflexión sobre cómo las claves teóricas que se desprenden de la EF, en especial la Sostenibilidad de la Vida (SDV) y la centralidad de los cuidados en esta propuesta, han aportado a los procesos de extensión y experiencia pedagógicas enmarcadas en el curso-taller. Mirar al campo de la ESS a partir de la idea de SDV que desarrollan Cristina Carrasco (2001), Amaia Pérez-Orozco (2015) y Daniela Osorio-Cabrera (2018), nos nutre de nuevas preguntas, interpelando los trazos patriarcales presentes en sus prácticas y en las formas que se produce conocimiento. También nos permite poner a jugar lo afectivo-relacional en el trabajo en aula. Por otro lado, la perspectiva de la extensión crítica-feminista y la epistemología feminista nos aportan herramientas para pensar cómo queremos producir conocimiento reconociendo nuestras posiciones situadas y parciales. Para llevar adelante esta propuesta tomaremos en cuenta trabajos finales estudiantiles y notas personales acerca de nuestra experiencias como docentes.

Članek analizira problematiko samomora na Slovenskem od prvih statističnih analiz, ki so zajele tudi slovenski prostor v drugi polovici 19. stoletja, do konca 60-ih let 20. stoletja, ko so statistični podatki in pritisk javnosti, ki se je ustvaril tudi zaradi napačnih in izkrivljenih interpretacij le-teh, takratno socialistično oblast spodbudili k aktivnemu reševanju problematike. Članek na podlagi statističnih podatkov in njihovih interpretacijah, poročil policije in Službe državne varnosti (SDV) ter časopisja prikaže diskurze oblasti, stroke in medijev. Članek prikaže dojemanje fenomena samomorilnosti v različnih delih družbe in različne interpretacije vzrokov za porast v stopnji samomorilnosti v vsakem od obravnavanih obdobji ter prikaže, kako so podatki o samomorilnosti postali sredstvo manipulacije in obračunavanja z nasprotniki in orodje za iskanje krivcev za domnevne stranpoti v družbi.

The development of Self-Driving Vehicles (SDVs) is fast, and new pilots and tests are released every week. SDVs are predicted to have the potential to change mobility, human life and society. In literature, both negative and positive effects of SDVs are listed (Litman 2015; Fagnant and Kockelman 2015). Among the positive effects are increased traffic throughput leading to less congestion, improved mobility for people without a driver's license, decreased need for parking spaces, and SDV as an enabler for shared mobility. On the other hand, SDVs are expected to increase the consumption of transport which leads to an increase in total vehicle kilometers travelled. This effect is further reinforced by empty vehicles driving around. This will increase the number of vehicles on the streets and lead to more congestion and increased energy usage. Since the SDV technology is expensive, segregation may be a consequence of the development. In addition there are several challenges related to for example legislation, standardization, infrastructure investments, privacy and security. The question is not if, but rather when SDVs will be common on our streets and roads, and if they will change our way of living, and if so, how? As we are in a potential mobility shift, and decisions made today will affect the future development, understanding possibilities and challenges for the future is important for many stakeholders. To this end a scenario-based future study was performed to derive a common platform for initiation of future research and innovation projects concerning SDVs in Sweden. This study will also be used in the ongoing governmental investigation about future regulations for SDVs on Swedish roads (Bjelfvenstam 2016). A third motivation for the study is to shed light on how demography, geography and political landscape can affect the development of new mobility services. Since there are many different forces that drive the development, often uncertain and sometimes in conflict with each other, a scenario planning ...

International audience ; There is an urgent need for better diagnostic and analytical methods for vaccine research and infection control in virology. This has been highlighted by recently emerging viral epidemics and pandemics (Zika, SARS-CoV-2), and recurring viral outbreaks like the yellow fever outbreaks in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (2016) and in Brazil (2016–2018). Current assays to determine neutralising activity against viral infections in sera are costly in time and equipment and suffer from high variability. Therefore, both basic infection research and diagnostic population screenings would benefit from improved methods to determine virus-neutralising activity in patient samples. Here we describe a robust, objective, and scalable Fluo rescence R eduction N eutralisation T est (FluoRNT) for yellow fever virus, relying on flow cytometric detection of cells infected with a fluorescent Venus reporter containing variant of the yellow fever vaccine strain 17D (YF-17D-Venus). It accurately measures neutralising antibody titres in human serum samples within as little as 24 h. Samples from 32 vaccinees immunised with YF-17D were tested for neutralising activity by both a conventional focus reduction neutralisation test (FRNT) and FluoRNT. Both types of tests proved to be equally reliable for the detection of neutralising activity, however, FluoRNT is significantly more precise and reproducible with a greater dynamic range than conventional FRNT. The FluoRNT assay protocol is substantially faster, easier to control, and cheaper in per-assay costs. FluoRNT additionally reduces handling time minimising exposure of personnel to patient samples. FluoRNT thus brings a range of desirable features that can accelerate and standardise the measurement of neutralising anti-yellow fever virus antibodies. It could be used in applications ranging from vaccine testing to large cohort studies in systems virology and vaccinology. We also anticipate the potential to translate the methodology and analysis of FluoRNT to other flaviviruses such as West Nile, Dengue and Zika or to RNA viruses more generally.