Suchergebnisse

The article examines the fundamental changes in the foreign economic strategy of Russia in 2022 and evolution of foreign trade relations between the EU and the Russian Federation. The study hypothesis is that the new mechanism of «sanctions' interaction» between the EU and Russia is emerging. Moscow withstood the pressure of unprecedented restrictions, while Brussels has significantly reduced the competitiveness of its own economic and political space. This problem is particularly relevant because the EU developed a system for monitoring compliance with the adopted ten packages of sanctions, measures to stimulate the exchange of data between countries, and is finalizing the rules for interpreting and applying restrictive measures. It is identified that the EU and German initiatives had a significant negative impact on economic cooperation with Russia in 2022. The consequences of the complex pressure of the European Union on Russia and on their business are demonstrated. Particular attention is paid to the FRG, Russia's main foreign economic partner, that plays a major role in shaping the EU sanctions policy. The forecast for the development of relations is made. The results of calculations of new proportions of EU-Russian and German-Russian trade are presented. Structural shifts in key product groups are analyzed. Significant reduction in exports from the European Union of a number of industrial and technological goods is formed. It is determined that EU imports of energy resources from Russia increased significantly in value terms at the end of the year, but the physical volumes of export have significantly decreased. The development of economic cooperation in non-sanctioned countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus in the long-term may serve as a "bridge" between the economic and political spaces of the EU and Russia. The matrix of corporate strategies of European companies in terms of presence in the Russian market was developed. It is substantiated that 40% of companies continue to work in Russia. It is concluded that "double risks" develop: for the economic relations of European and Russian companies in the EU economic space due to tightening control and for the remaining European companies in Russia, which are still under pressure from the media.

Review of the report on Labor conditions in soviet Russia prepared by the International labor office.

Целью проведенного исследования явилось выявление изменений в денежно-кредитном регулировании Банком России, произошедших в последнее время. В статье рассмотрены основные направления денежно-кредитной политики Банка России, проводимой им на современном этапе развития российской экономики, а именно в условиях глубоких экономических и политических проблем. Автором выделены негативные аспекты проводимой в последние годы Банком России политики, акцентировано внимание на последствиях влияния политики по инфляционному таргетированию на состояние российской экономики, исследовано влияние инструментов денежно-кредитного регулирования на уровень банковского кредитования субъектов экономики, темпы экономического роста. По результатам проведенного автором исследования на основании динамики макроэкономических показателей в статье сделан вывод о смене парадигмы денежно-кредитного регулирования, корреспондирующего с целями достижения экономического роста. Автором предложены возможные направления совершенствования денежно-кредитной политикив России, в частности, осуществление бицелевой политики.The purpose of the article is to identify actual condition and recent changes in monetary policy of the Bank of Russia. The article considers the main directions of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia, especially in correspondence with Russia's deep political and economic problems. The author underlines negative aspects of the Bank of Russia's monetary policy that took place in 2014. The attention is focused on consequences of inflation targeting policy influence on the economy, and on the use of monetary control instruments at the level of bank lending, rates of economic growth, etc. The research conducted by the author is based on dynamicsof macroeconomic indicators. The author makes the conclusion that there is a change of the Bank of Russia's monetary policy paradigm, which tends to correspond with the purposes of economic growth. The author also offers possible directions of improving Russia's monetary policy, including double-purpose, which, in the author's opinion, is of paramount importance at the present stage of Russia's economy development under the conditions of economic and political instability, crisis and shocks.