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The literary geography on the countryside has a remarkable tradition, as a source of study in the field of rural geography, since the nineteenth century. With the new cultural tendencies the use of written texts is revitalized, even as a source of research. In the present contribution, the theme of depopulation in rural Spain is addressed, through the systematic study of the narrative on this subject, mainly novels. There are different points of view in the novel about depopulation: the novel about the last inhabitant of a town; the novel about the depopulation as a new territorial context of the (new) rural inhabitants; the novel about rural depopulation in a town or territory with opposing points of view, the rural idyll and the anti rural idyll. Literary geography contributes to the socio-cultural continuity of depopulation. The literature on rural depopulation and its diverse interpretations can be conceptualized as a form of intervention into these politics. ; Peer reviewed

<p>Modernization of Chinese society witnessed significant retreat of primary and growth of secondary and tertiary industries. The result of rapid urbanization has been accompanied with rapid rural depopulation, context of which is currently labeled by intertwining of many correlation factors. Rural depopulation can be perceived as a social problem and as a reason or other social problems, affecting sustainable socio-economic development. In turn, rural depopulation and relevant policy-making are also interplaying, making the issue more irreversible.<strong></strong></p>

Internal migration flows from rural to urban areas have greatly contributed to population declines in many rural areas across both Europe and the US. At the same time there is mounting evidence for a tight connection between internal migration and shifts in labor demand, with the latter being heavily affected by the rise of automation technologies. Therefore this paper analyzes the effects industrial robotization has had on manufacturing employment and internal migration in Austria during the period 2003-2016, specifically focusing on rural-to-urban migration flows. The results show that robotization has caused significant declines in manufacturing employment to which populations reacted by increased out-migration. This migratory response takes the form of rural-to-urban migration, thereby contributing to population declines in many rural areas in Austria. These rural-to-urban movements are primarily driven by young and medium/low skilled individuals, i.e. those groups that bear the strongest shock incidence.

AbstractThis paper aims to sketch rural population decline in Mexico. A comprehensive multi‐scale documentation of Mexico's urban and rural fabric and its depopulation dynamics is undertaken. This paper does not identify the causes and effects of rural depopulation, but aims to detect its geographical presence in a manner which other approaches are unable to do. The granularity of rural depopulation is identified as manifested at four different scales: national, state, municipal, and local village scale. We use census data for the period 2000–2010. We relate rural depopulation to spatio‐geographical features found in the literature; the relationship of depopulating territories with urban ones and the altitude range in which they are located. We find that proximity to and remoteness from urban areas as well as that of altitude do not follow the typical patterns often observed elsewhere. Unlike that shown in other countries, in Mexico, rural depopulation is manifested mostly in lower‐lying areas and despite the fact that most of the country is at altitude. Rural depopulation and disappearance occur mainly in the areas of plains below 1,000 metres above sea level, regardless of the population density of the territories where they were located. Also, our multi‐scaling approach has allowed us to identify not just at what scale the phenomenon of rural depopulation is observed, but also, to identify the areas in which the phenomenon is manifested regionally or locally. As we see, much of the phenomenon is concentrated in different areas to what national narratives suggest.

AbstractEurope faces serious demographic imbalances: increasingly, populations are concentrated in urban areas and their surroundings, while rural areas face depopulation. Thanks to a simple methodology identifying the trends in the different settlement structure, this article explores the causes that can justify the formation of such spatial trends through an econometric analysis. Both phenomena can be considered using central Spain as a case study. The area of more than 8 million inhabitants includes the city of Madrid and can be extended to other regions due to its simplicity and the wide availability of the included explanatory variables. This article categorizes nonurban areas into urban–rural and rural areas using a methodology that enables a historical perspective for the last eight decades. The findings are significant for infrastructure policies and territorial cohesion.