Suchergebnisse

The aim of the article is to assess the possibilities and ways to implement the idea of sustainable development in a market economy. Economic and social development encounters limitations due to weaknesses and market failures. The concept of sustainable development indicates mainly development goals. Their achievement, however, requires paying attention to the conditions and methods of operation of the entities. Sustainable development will take place under market economy conditions.From the point of view of the neoclassical economics, the basic direction of activities should be creating conditions for the market implementation of sustainable development goals. Institutional economics indicates the need to build a system of norms and values that are appropriate to the idea of sustainable development. Only their dissemination creates conditions for the creation of formal institutions which are the part of the market system. However, it is advisable to combine these methods.The implementation of sustainable development in the management of environmental resources and environmental protection requires increasing the scope of defining property rights and assigning them to specific entities. On this basis, one can create the market mechanisms and expand the scope of market instruments for an environmental protection. Such solutions are consistent with the logic of the market economy and will be understandable as well as acceptable to entities.

Diverse perception of natural capital and sustainability in opposite approaches of environmental economics and ecological economics has impact on understanding and defining of sustainable development. Ecological economics approach based on strong and very strong sustainability is too ambitious for contemporary generation, although environmental economics approach based on weak sustainability is more realistic, but insufficient. Weaknesses of mainstream economics gave heterodoxy broad field for redefinition of sustainable development and for new synthesis for this socio-economic category. Demographic changes, duplication of Western consumption patterns in emerging economies and intensive pressure of global production and consumption on environment are the reasons why new agreements at international level on climate, energy, food security, access to clean water and protection other natural resources are needed. Effective coordination of actions and application of good governance standards taking into account such matters as human existential problems and needs, equity, access to information, social participation as well as indicators for sustainable development and green economy are also necessary,

During the political process leading up to the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 it was decided that the concept which will be used to coordinate spontaneous development processes will be the concept of sustainable development. Since that time, efforts are made to implement this concept through inclusion in the legal regulations and by modelling the development objectives of societies. This process should be accompanied by: 1) a reflection over a direction in which we should go and 2) a question whether actions, carried out in the spirit of sustainable development, really bring us closer to the realisation of this concept. The proposed paper will develop these last two questions focusing on how to get at least a partial response. A proposition of measuring a distance to a sustainable goal(s) for countries is presented. ; W politycznym procesie prowadzącym do Szczytu Ziemi w Rio de Janeiro w 1992 roku ustalono, że koncepcją, która będzie stosowana do koordynowania spontanicznych procesów rozwojowych będzie koncepcja rozwoju zrównoważonego. Od tego czasu czynione są wysiłki na rzecz realizacji tej koncepcji poprzez m.in. włączenie jest jej do ustawodawstwa oraz poprzez modelowanie za jej pomocą celów rozwojowych społeczeństw. Towarzyszyć temu powinny: 1) namysł nad tym dokąd/w jakim kierunku dokładnie powinniśmy zmierzać i 2) pytanie czy faktycznie prowadzone w duchu rozwoju zrównoważonego działania przybliżają nas do realizacji tej koncepcji. Artykuł rozwija te dwa ostatnie pytania skupiając się na uzyskaniu chociażby częściowych odpowiedzi. W artykule przedstawiono do dyskusji propozycję pomiaru dystansu jaki dzieli poszczególne kraje od celu(-ów) rozwoju zrównoważonego.