Suchergebnisse

This paper outlines a procedure for embodying the principle of resource sustainability in evaluating projects that use significant amounts of natural resources. In this analysis, sustainability requires maintaining the productivity of the resource used over time, either by renewing the resource or by investing its depletion in other capital assets. The basis of a project's evaluation is its net present social value (NPSV), including resource depletion as a social cost. The social cost of depletion is the amount that must be saved and reinvested annually to accumulate a fund that will yield a perpetual annual income equal to the net output lost by resource depletion. By treating resource depletion as a social cost in calculating NPSV, projects causing a high rate of resource depletion receive a relatively low valuation compared with projects causing less resource depletion. Resource depletion includes environmental damage caused by constructing and operating a project, as well as the direct consumption of natural resources.Several problems arise in reinvesting depletion to preserve the value of a resource base. One major problem relates to the substitutability of man‐made capital for natural resources. The conclusion of the analysis here is that society must invest a substantial amount of resource depletion in: (i) replenishing renewable resources, (ii) increasing product output per unit of resource used, or (Hi) increasing the end‐use efficiency of resource‐intensive products.

Sustainability is both a vague and politicized term, yet it is precisely because the world community has rallied around sustainability and sustainable development as normative goals of ecological-economic performance that the stakes are high for defining the concept in a manner that is true to its spirit. To do so, one must counteract definitions that either suit particular interests or are so broad and vague that most of what people do for selfinterested reasons fits within them. Like other fields, water resources has struggled to bring the concept of sustainability to bear in the realm of practice. For example, what allocation of water in the Klamath River basin best achieves sustainability? Are plans to pipeline fossil ground water from the Ogallala of North Texas to the growing cities of Dallas and San Antonio consistent with sustainability? Is it sustainable to forego renewable hydroelectric power in hopes that it will prevent the extinction of a strain of chinook or coho salmon? Is the recent completion of the Three Gorges dam project on the Yangtze River an example of sustainable development? How sustainable is it to live in a world where about one billion people lack access to safe drinking water and two billion lack access to the basic benefits of the sanitation revolution (DeVilliers 2000)?

This paper uses a model of an inland fishery in Bangladesh to investigate the relationship between poverty and resource sustainability in a specific case. It makes use of detailed fieldwork to build a numerical model of fishery decision making, which incorporates extensions to standard fisheries models. In particular, it includes fish migration between lease units and models the choice of fishing gear, as well as fishing effort, over the year. The modelling of fishing gear choice allows an analysis of the effect of management policies on employment in the fishery, a major factor that influences poverty in the locality. The numerical results show that while some simple policies to improve sustainability are likely to increase poverty, it is possible to design policies which affect gear choice and lead to reduced poverty without harming the sustainability of the resource.

Sustainability is both a vague and politicized term, yet it is precisely because the world community has rallied around sustainability and sustainable development as normative goals of ecological-economic performance that the stakes are high for defining the concept in a manner that is true to its spirit. To do so, one must counteract definitions that either suit particular interests or are so broad and vague that most of what people do for selfinterested reasons fits within them. Like other fields, water resources has struggled to bring the concept of sustainability to bear in the realm of practice. For example, what allocation of water in the Klamath River basin best achieves sustainability? Are plans to pipeline fossil ground water from the Ogallala of North Texas to the growing cities of Dallas and San Antonio consistent with sustainability? Is it sustainable to forego renewable hydroelectric power in hopes that it will prevent the extinction of a strain of chinook or coho salmon? Is the recent completion of the Three Gorges dam project on the Yangtze River an example of sustainable development? How sustainable is it to live in a world where about one billion people lack access to safe drinking water and two billion lack access to the basic benefits of the sanitation revolution (DeVilliers 2000)?

Chapter 1 Role of Circular Resources and the Importance of Developing Circular Models in Product Design, Manufacturing and Supply Chains -- Chapter 2 Circular data framework throughout the whole value chain from mining to manufacturing, from refurbishing to recycling -- Chapter 3 Website Communication Capabilities and Content Related to Environmental Management – An Empirical Study of European Production Companies -- Chapter 4 Proposal for integration of circular economy within product portfolio management -- Chapter 5 Barriers to Closed-Loop Supply Chains Implementation in Irish Medical Device Manufacturers: Bayesian Best-Worst Method Analysis -- Chapter 6 The emergence of circular economy SMEs in Hong Kong: What is needed to invigorate the dynamic -- Chapter 7 A Quantitative Approach for Product Disassemblability Assessment -- Chapter 8 A review on the life cycle assessment phases of cement and concrete manufacturing -- Chapter 9 Use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Recycled Waste Glass as Partial Aggregate Replacements in Concrete Pavements -- Chapter 10 Recycling of chrome-copper-arsenic timber through cement particle board manufacture -- Chapter 11 Circular Economy in the textile industry: evidence from the Prato district -- Chapter 12 Environmentally Friendly Disposal of End-of-Life Plastics for Asphalt Production -- Chapter 13 LCA of reusing carbon fibers recycled through solvolysis process of thermoset composites -- Chapter 14 The Governance of Circular Plastics Supply Chain Collaboration.

Not Available ; From the Co-Chairs of the Task Force on Climate Change, Vulnerable Communities and Adaptation While government representatives negotiate international policy frameworks to limit greenhouse gas emissions, and researchers continue to debate the science and impacts of climate change, climate-induced changes to physical and biological systems are already being detected. Retreating glaciers, longer growing seasons, shifting eco-zones and thawing permafrost have all been observed in different regions around the world. Compounded by human pressures and modifications to the environment, these changes threaten to further entrench global inequities, as those with the least stand to suffer the most. There is a pressing need to develop response measures that will address current development disparities and protect vulnerable communities from the longer-term impacts of climate change. In 2001, IUCN – The World Conservation Union, the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) joined forces to launch an international research and policy initiative on Climate Change, Vulnerable Communities and Adaptation. Guided by a multi disciplinary Task Force, this initiative represents a confluence of four distinct, yet decidedly relevant, communities working on vulnerability reduction in the face of climate change. These experts—from the fields of disaster risk reduction, climate change, conservation and poverty reduction—first met following the release of the IPCC Working Group II's latest assessment of climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability and the conclusion of the Marrakech Accords to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In view of the expanding body of knowledge on climate change impacts and new funding opportunities for climate change adaptation, the Task Force set in motion a collaborative effort to inform and influence how the world undertakes and invests in climate change adaptation. The Task Force believes that adaptation must be rooted in reducing vulnerabilities, and some of the greatest opportunities for this lie in ecosystem management and restoration activities. By protecting and enhancing natural services, we help to secure the livelihoods of the world's most vulnerable communities and improve their capacity to deal with the impacts of climate change. How can activities such as watershed restoration in India, the rehabilitation of mangrove plantations in Vietnam, or agroecological practices in Honduras enable local communities to adapt to the impacts of a changing climate? How do they address current gaps in adaptation policies? How do we integrate these activities into national climate change adaptation strategies? This publication provides a basis for answering these and other questions by articulating the conceptual foundations of the IUCN/IISD/SEI project and the issues that will be addressed through the work program. We hope this paper is useful in providing a framework for those researchers, policy-makers and community groups seeking to take action on adaptation. The partnering institutions and Task Force members look forward to working with all stakeholders in finding innovative and sustainable ways of responding to our changing global climate. ; Not Available

AbstractTrade changes incentives to protect an open-access natural resource independently of its effect on the resource price. General equilibrium linkages cause resource policy to affect the price of privately owned assets regardless of whether they are used in the resource sector. In the closed economy, the asset market in our overlapping generations setting creates incentives for currently living agents to protect the natural resource. The interplay of the asset market and general equilibrium effects causes trade to reverse these incentives. Trade liberalization and the establishment of formal property rights are policy complements: the former makes the latter more important.

"Sie sind kaum greifbar und doch in aller Munde. Sie gelten als 'Erfolgsfaktoren' im globalisierten Wettbewerb und fallen doch gerne aus dem Entscheidungskalkül. Man sieht in ihnen die Basis einer neuen Ökonomie und läßt sich im Weiteren nur noch von technischen Potentialen blenden. Immaterielle Ressourcen wie Humankapital und Sozialkapital bzw. Wissen und Vertrauen, Kompetenzen und Reputation sind Gegenstand neuer Verwertungsstrategien und konsequenzloser Sonntagsreden zugleich. Warum wird in Praxis und Wissenschaft so intensiv über nichtfinanzielle Erfolgsbedingungen wirtschaftlichen Handelns gesprochen? Setzt sich die Vorstellung durch, dass in humane und soziale Potentiale investiert werden muß? Welche Theorien bieten Erklärungen? Diesen Fragen geht der vorliegende Band nach und präsentiert einen potentialorientierten Ansatz zur Bewertung und Förderung sozialökonomischer Nachhaltigkeit im Feld von Arbeit und Unternehmensführung." (Autorenreferat). Inhaltsverzeichnis: Manfred Moldaschl: Nachhaltigkeit von Arbeit und Unternehmensführung. Zur Wiederentdeckung der immateriellen Ressourcen (19-46); Manfred Moldaschl: Unternehmensfähigkeiten und ihre Entwicklung. Kritik des Strategischen Managements als Basis einer theoretischen Alternative (47-80); Manfred Moldaschl: Kapitalarten, Verwertungsstrategien, Nachhaltigkeit. Grundbegriffe des Modells Nachhaltiger Unternehmensführung (81-110); Wenzel Matiaske: Soziales Kapital in ökonomischer Perspektive (111-136); Hans Pongratz, Rainer Trinczek: Industrielle Beziehungen als soziales und kulturelles Kapital. Innovative Bildungs- und Qualifizierungskonzepte von Gewerkschaften und Unternehmen (137-172); Ingo Weller, Wenzel Matiaske, Doris Holtmann: Leistungsorientierung, Ressourcen und Nachhaltigkeit in öffentlichen Betrieben: Zur "Machbarkeit" von Extra-Rollenverhalten und Commitment (173-184); Andrea Fried: Was erklärt die Resource-based View of the Firm? (185-218); Thomas Diefenbach, Tino Vordank: Erfassung und Bewertung von intangible assets im Rahmen betrieblicher Meß- und Bewertungssysteme (219-262); Steffen Lehndorff: Von der Dienstleistungs- zur Nachhaltigkeitslücke. Plädoyer für einen Themenwechsel (263-284); Manfred Moldaschl: Ressourcenorientierte Analyse von Belastung und Bewältigung in der Arbeit (285-322); Erich Latniak, Anja Gerlmaier, Dorothea Voss-Dahm, Peter Brödner: Projektarbeit und Nachhaltigkeit Intensität als Preis für mehr Autonomie? (323-356); Manfred Moldaschl: Essentials der Potentialorientierten Perspektive (357-360).

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Governance has significant implications on the advancement of social and economic development. In the Philippines, the role of the state in the utilization and management of natural resources remain strong. After the devolution of key state powers in 1991, governance at the local level has accelerated the strengthening of local governments, non-state actors and the private sector and has contributed to a movement towards addressing problems and issues in managing natural resources. This paper examines the processes of creation and operation of multi-sectoral alliances led by local governments to ensure that resources are sustained and people are protected. Research has revealed that most of these alliances were formed to respond collectively to impacts of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Since the scale, magnitude and uncertainties of environmental problems such as watershed degradation, flooding, depletion of fish stocks, soil erosion and siltation cannot be resolved by national government alone, local actors pooled their distinct capacities and reconfigured the delivery of public services and goods. The function of alliances is boosted by local leaders who support a model of collaboration, adoption of new policies, scientific knowledge and expanded partnership. Local politics and administration have developed certain flexibilities that transcended defined territories. Alliances also play the role of critical links between local and national development agencies and plans leading to greater service to disadvantaged communities for food, welfare and security from the direct effects of natural disasters. Alliances have dynamics of continuous growth and expansion, but will experience weakness when common interest wanes.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Governance has significant implications on the advancement of social and economic development. In the Philippines, the role of the state in the utilization and management of natural resources remain strong. After the devolution of key state powers in 1991, governance at the local level has accelerated the strengthening of local governments, non-state actors and the private sector and has contributed to a movement towards addressing problems and issues in managing natural resources. This paper examines the processes of creation and operation of multi-sectoral alliances led by local governments to ensure that resources are sustained and people are protected. Research has revealed that most of these alliances were formed to respond collectively to impacts of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Since the scale, magnitude and uncertainties of environmental problems such as watershed degradation, flooding, depletion of fish stocks, soil erosion and siltation cannot be resolved by national government alone, local actors pooled their distinct capacities and reconfigured the delivery of public services and goods. The function of alliances is boosted by local leaders who support a model of collaboration, adoption of new policies, scientific knowledge and expanded partnership. Local politics and administration have developed certain flexibilities that transcended defined territories. Alliances also play the role of critical links between local and national development agencies and plans leading to greater service to disadvantaged communities for food, welfare and security from the direct effects of natural disasters. Alliances have dynamics of continuous growth and expansion, but will experience weakness when common interest wanes.