Suchergebnisse

Over the last three centuries, childbirth has gradually become an issue of public concern worldwide, being linked increasingly to the welfare of populations and nations. During this process, medical improvements in obstetrics and midwifery have been introduced to daily childbirth practices by medical authorities and enforced by state governments in many countries, significantly contributing to the decline of childbirth-related mortality rates. This dissertation focuses on the transformation of childbirth practices in China during the Republican era (1912-1949) and its impacts on neonatal, infant, and maternal mortality rates. By using governmental archives, reports of hospitals and health stations, demographic and social surveys, and other historical sources, this dissertation first investigates how missionary and governmental initiatives pushed forward the institutionalization of childbirth in different parts of China from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. Then the dissertation presents case studies of Beijing (1926-1937) and Sichuan (1938-1949), as well as three comparisons regarding neonatal and maternal mortality rates in China and elsewhere in the world, through which it analyzes how biomedical approaches of the "new style midwifery" helped prevent neonatal, infant and maternal mortality by reducing infection-related diseases during and after childbirth. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods, this dissertation provides new insights into how childbirth became less risky across time and space.

Box 3, Folder 4 ; Born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1869, Thomas Aloysius Hickey arrived in America in 1892. Hickey joined the Socialist Labor party and the Knights of Labor in 1893 and became an ardent speaker, organizer, and writer, as well as private secretary to Eugene V. Debs. In 1900, he left the Socialist Labor Party and went on to cocreate the Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance and helped arrange several machinist strikes in New Jersey, which led to his blacklisting by employers. Moving to Butte, Montana, Hickey joined the Western Federation of Miners and helped recruit for the Socialist party. ; In 1911, he moved to Hallettsville, Texas, and started a weekly newspaper called The Rebel. Over time, Hickey became a prominent figure in the socialist movement and the slogan of his paper became the official slogan of the Socialist party in Texas. He served as the socialist candidate for lieutenant governor in 1912 and was married to Clara E. Boeer that same year. The government suppressed The Rebel in 1917 under the Espionage Act and in 1918, the Nonpartisan League fired Hickey as an organizer. ; In October 1919, he and other socialists organized the National Workers Drilling and Production Company. Hickey continued writing, serving as an advertising manager of the Desdemona Oil News and a correspondent for fourteen more newspapers such as the Texas Oil World and the Independent Oil and Financial Reporter. Withdrawing from the company in 1920, he moved to a farm near Stamford, Texas, and was publishing Tom Hickey's Magazine until his death on May 7, 1925, of throat cancer. ; The Handbook of Texas has published a more in-depth online biography of Thomas Aloysius Hickey at http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/search.html ; The collection contains correspondence, printed material, news clippings, financial and legal material, literary productions, and scrapbook material. The bulk of the collection is correspondence, including letters from Hickey's readers and from Socialist leaders such as Theodore Debs. The printed materials include newsletters, pamphlets, periodicals, and circulars. Principal subjects of this collection are the Socialist Party, World War I, and pacifism. ; Conservation Note: In 1985 and 1986, a large number of the papers in this collection were encapsulated within Mellinex polyester film and/or deacidified using Wei I'o aerosol solution. Those pages that were not treated remain fragile and brittle. Also, some of the double-sided tape used for the encapsulation is either coming loose or sticking to other pages. Additionally, the two volume German medical book set is in very fragile condition, with the binding falling apart and pages loose. The covers are also fading and deteriorating.

"The Chinese economy has been the subject of substantial research in recent years in the United States and abroad. Much has been made of significant strides toward industrial development since the Communist takeover. But it is impossible to understand what has been achieved unless one measures these gains against economic events in the pre-Communist period. This book offers a record of China's industrialization, with its comprehensive statistical analysis of the industrial growth of pre-Communist China. Industrial Development in Pre-Communist China covers the period from 1912 to 1949 and deals with all of China irrespective of changes in political boundaries. For purposes of this study, ""industrial production"" includes mining, metallurgy, manufacturing, and fuel and power; the construction industry is not included. Chang finds that the average annual rate of growth of the modern industrial sector during the pre-World War I period was about 8 or 9 percent, including Manchuria. During the period from 1928 to 1936, under the Nanking Government, political unification was achieved. Peace and order were maintained and the necessary foundations for economic transformation in the post-World War II period were established. At the time of its original publication in 1969, Chang's work represented an important first step toward a comprehensive, quantitative study of the history of China's industrialization and a benchmark against which the Communist achievement can be measured, this work forces reconsideration of widely held views on China's economic and industrial development. An important reference for the study of Chinese history and economics, especially for the Republican period, Chang's work is of continuing value to all Sinologists and to specialists in economic development and economic history."--Provided by publisher.

In recent years much research work has been done on the economy of Communist China. With respect to economic development in the pre-Communist period, however, although several writers have attempted to view contemporary developments in the light of past performance, the existing stock of knowledge does not permit exact statements.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- List of Tables and Charts -- ONE Introduction -- TWO The Data -- THREE The Coverage -- FOUR Indexes of Industrial Production -- FIVE Rate and Pattern of Industrial Development -- SIX China's Industrialization-Further Observations -- APPENDIX A. Output Series -- APPENDIX B. Price and Value-Added Data -- APPENDIX C. Indexes of Industrial Production: 14 Series -- References -- Index