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Component: C 1.3 Support for Member States' implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning Sub‐component: C 1.3.1 Develop and propose a conceptual methodology for transboundary MSP in the Western MED, with operational details on selected aspects C 1.3.1.4 Relationship between LSI and ICZM This document aims to provide a methodological guideline for LSI analysis within MSP, also exploring how such analysis can be embedded in the wider ICZM context. In this perspective, this document intends to support MSP planners with a possible operative framework for the LSI analysis, identifying specific actions to be carried out in close connections with the maritime spatial planning process. Finally, with specific regard to addressing the MSP Directive requirements, the ultimate scope of this document is to provide some guidance on how to (re)organize topics, information and effort, including those eventually already available from formal or informal processes (e.g. ICZM). In addition to this introduction, the document includes other 5 chapters. Based on the analysis of the available literature, chapter 2 provides the description of some key concepts for LSI analysis, including its definition (section 2.1), different possible categorization of LSI typologies (section 2.2), and criteria that might delimitate the area of LSI analysis (section 2.3). Chapter 3 illustrates examples of LSI definitions included in the national legislation and of interactions considered particularly relevant in the countries participating to the SIMWESTMED project. Chapter 4 reflects on the step-by-step methodological guideline to perform LSI analysis within the MSP process, as proposed within SUPREME project. Links between LSI and MSP are in detail explored in chapter 5, which also discusses how outcome of the LSI analysis can be transferred in the ICZM context, referring in particular to the ICZM Protocol, as well as in other planning processes. Finally, chapter 6 provides some reflections on LSI analysis coming from the pilot cases implemented by ...

IntroductionSequencing of the third hypervariable loop allows to identify genotype‐based HIV tropism. R5‐tropic viruses associated with early stages of infection are preferentially transmitted, while non‐R5 HIV‐1 tropism has been associated with severe immunodeficiency and lower lymphocyte CD4 nadir and may reflect delayed HIV diagnosis. In this study, we investigate the changes in tropism frequency from 2007 to 2013.Materials and MethodsStudy included 194 patients with confirmed HIV infection linked to care in 2007–2013. Baseline plasma samples from treatment naive patients were used for HIV‐1 genotypic tropism assessment based on triplicate V3 loop sequencing. Non‐R5 tropism prediction thresholds were assigned using a false positive rate (FPR) of 10% and 5.75% FPR and associated with clinical and laboratory data (age, gender, date of HIV diagnosis, route of transmission, CDC clinical category at diagnosis, pretreatment HIV viral load, baseline and nadir lymphocyte CD4 counts). For statistics, chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U tests were used, time trends were examined using logistic regression (R statistical platform, v. 3.1.0) for binary variables and linear regression for continuous ones.ResultsOverall non‐R5 tropism frequency for the 5.75% FPR was 15.5% and 27.8% for 10% FPR. Frequency of the non‐R5 tropism predicted using 5.75% FPR increased significantly from 2007 (0%) to 2013 (25%) [OR: 1.44 (95% CI 1.14–1.86), p=0.003, rough slope +3.89%/year] (Figure 1a). With 10% FPR, the frequency changed from 7% (2007) to 33% (2013) [OR: 1.17 (95% CI 0.99–1.39), p=0.054, rough slope +3.0%/year] (Figure 1b). Baseline lymphocyte CD4 count and nadir, as well as pretreatment HIV‐1 viral loads were stable over time of observation (r=0.014, p=0.84; r=0.13, p=0.085; r=0.016, p=0.83 for CD4 baseline, nadir and HIV load, respectively). Frequency of AIDS at HIV diagnosis increased from 21.4% in 2007 to 38.0% in 2013, however trend over time was insignificant [OR: 1.1 (95% CI 0.95–1.31), p=0.19]. Temporal trends for HIV transmission route, gender, non‐B variant frequencies also were not significant.ConclusionsR5 tropism predominates among the treatment naive individuals but increase in the frequency of non‐R5 tropic variants may limit clinical efficacy of the coreceptor inhibitors. Increased prevalence of non‐R5 HIV‐1 may be related to late care entry and higher number of AIDS diagnoses in the recent years.

Biological systems often generate unique and useful structures, which can have industrial relevance either as direct components or as an inspiration for biomimetic materials. For fabrication of nanoscale silica structures, we explored the use of the silaffin R5 peptide from Cylindrotheca fusiformis expressed on the surface of the fd bacteriophage. By utilizing the biomineralizing peptide component displayed on the bacteriophage surface, we found that low concentrations (0.09 mg/mL of the R5 bacteriophage, below the concentration range used in other studies) could be used to create silica nanofibers. An additional benefit of this approach is the ability of our R5-displaying phage to form silica materials without the need for supplementary components, such as aminopropyl triethoxysilane, that are typically used in such processes. Because this method for silica formation can occur under mild conditions when implementing our R5 displaying phage system, we may provide a relatively simple, economical, and environmentally friendly process for creating silica nanomaterials. ; This work was supported by the Korea CCS R&D Center (Korea CCS2020 Project) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) in 2017 (KCRC-2014M1A8A1049296) and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2016R1A6A1A03013422). H. Kim was financially supported by Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (Project No: 2015001790002).

Both tea polyphenols (TP) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus have been shown to alleviate obesity, and regulate lipid metabolism. However, the combined effects and their underlying mechanisms of action remain elusive. In the present work, the effects of TP, Lactobacillus rhamnosus R5 (R5), and TP+R5 on blood lipids and the gut microbiota of mice fed with a high-fat diet were compared. Results showed that the combination of TP and R5 effectively increased the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and decreased total cholesterol (TC) levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and the atherosclerosis index (AI) in mice fed with a high-fat diet. The combination treatment resulted in a modification of the structure of the gut microbiota in mice, as evidenced by a decrease in the F/B ratio, and an increase in the abundance of beneficial genera, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibaculum rodentium, and Ruminococcus_uncultured bacterium. Additionally, the contents of SCFAs (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) in faeces also increased. These could provide new ideas for anti-obesity methods, and a theoretical basis for the development of foods combining probiotics and tea polyphenols.

IntroductionCCR5 (R5) tropic viruses are associated with early stages of infection, whereas CXCR4 (X4) HIV‐1 tropism has been associated with severe immunodeficiency. We investigated the temporal changes in the genotype‐predicted tropism frequency and the phylogenetic relationships between the R5 and non‐R5 clades.MethodsA cohort of 194 patients with a newly diagnosed HIV infection that was linked to their care from 2007 to 2014 was analyzed. Baseline plasma samples were used to assess the HIV‐1 genotypic tropism with triplicate V3‐loop sequencing. The non‐R5 tropism prediction thresholds were assigned using a false positive rate (FPR) of 10 and 5.75% and associated with clinical and laboratory data. The transmission clusters were analyzed using pol sequences with a maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference.ResultsThe overall non‐R5 tropism frequency for 5.75% FPR was 15.5% (n=30) and 27.8% (n=54) for 10% FPR. The frequency of the non‐R5 tropism that was predicted using 5.75% FPR increased significantly from 2007 (0%) to 2014 (n=5/17, 29.4%) (p=0.004, rough slope +3.73%/year) and from 0% (2007) to 35.3% (2014, n=6/17) (p=0.071, rough slope +2.9%/year) using 10% FPR. Increase in the asymptomatic diagnoses over time was noted (p=0.05, rough slope +3.53%/year) along with a tendency to increase the lymphocyte CD4 nadir (p=0.069). Thirty‐two clusters were identified, and non‐R5 tropic viruses were found for 26 (30.95%) sequences contained within 14 (43.8%) clusters. Non‐R5 tropism was associated with subtype D variants (p=0.0001) and the presence of CCR5 Δ32/wt genotype (p=0.052).ConclusionsR5 tropism predominates among the treatment of naive individuals, but the increases in the frequency of non‐R5 tropic variants may limit the clinical efficacy of the co‐receptor inhibitors. The rising prevalence of non‐R5 HIV‐1 may indicate transmission of X4 clades.

Auf der wirtschaftspolitischen Agenda steht aktuell die Frage, wie die nationale Regionalpolitik nach dem Auslaufen des Solidarpakts II nach 2019 gestaltet werden sollte. Nun wird diskutiert, wie strukturschwache Regionen ab 2020 deutschlandweit regionalpolitisch gefördert werden können. Gerade das Handwerk leistet einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Lebensverhältnisse in solchen Regionen und sollte zukünftig in der Regionalförderung stärker berücksichtigt werden. ; The Joint Federal/Länder Scheme for the Improvement of Regional Economic Structures is a core instrument of German regional policy. Currently, large parts of the skilled crafts sector are not eligible for funding. However, craft enterprises play an important role for economic and social stability in less developed regions. The several examples given in this paper refer to vocational education and training, non-R&D-based innovation, the satisfaction of local demand for goods and services and various effects on regional income development. In light of this, it is argued that regional policy could place a stronger emphasis on craft enterprises in the future.

Originally author's thesis - Université de Paris. ; Includes bibliographical footnotes and index. ; Photocopy. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; MAIN; HD5174.R5 1898a: This photocopy has replaced original item under call no. HD5174.R5