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Mode of access: Internet. ; Autor tomado de otras ediciones. ; Antep. ; Portada con viñeta xil. ; Sign.: [ ]2, A-Q12, R10.

Daseinsvorsorge gilt in Deutschland als eine wesentliche Grundlage für gleichwertige Lebensverhältnisse an jedem Ort. Der Blick auf die demografische Situation und die Gestaltbarkeit der Daseinsvorsorge in den Regionen zeigt jedoch Vielfalt, Uneindeutigkeit und Unübersichtlichkeit. Sicher scheint hingegen die besondere Verantwortung der Kommunen. ; In Germany, services of general interest are regarded as an essential basis for equal living conditions everywhere. However, a look at the demographic situation and the design of services of general interest in the regions reveals diversity, ambiguity and confusion. What they all have in common, however, is the special responsibility of the municipalities.

We investigate the geographical concentration of representatives and the distribution of fiscal transfers both theoretically and empirically. We develop a model which predicts that funds to an area are positively correlated with the number of representatives residing in that area. Our empirical analysis uses the fact that due to the electoral rules for German state elections the number of representatives varies quasi-randomly across electoral districts. Controlling for various socio-economic and demographic variables and using a variety of estimation techniques, we find that areas with greater number of representatives receive more government funds.

Trotz jahrzehntelanger Reformdiskussion hat es der Gesetzgeber bisher nicht geschafft, die Grundsteuer verfassungskonform zu gestalten. Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat die bestehende Grundsteuer für verfassungswidrig erklärt, weil sie auf stark veralteten Grundstückswerten beruht. Die Politik will die Grundsteuer nun aufkommensneutral anpassen. Die Frage ist, ob die Steuer künftig auf der Basis von aktuellen Immobilienwerten erhoben wird oder ob sie an anderen Merkmalen ansetzt, beispielsweise der Fläche von Grundstücken und Gebäuden. Alternativ könnte eine kommunale Einkommensteuer ein geeignetes Instrument zum Ersatz der Grundsteuer und zur Stärkung der Finanzautonomie der Gemeinden sein. ; The German land tax no longer conforms with the German constitution and must be reformed. Although numerous proposals for reform have been launched and intensively discussed in the past, no political consensus has been reached till now. This is mainly due to differing political goals, which are not all compatible with each other. In the paper, a radical proposal is made for this reason, namely completely abolishing the land tax and substituting it with a municipal income tax. Apart from a substantial simplifi cation of taxation, this proposal would also fi t the ability-to-pay principle of taxation much better than a land tax does. Simulations for the federal state North Rhine Westphalia suggest that the reform could be made in a revenue-neutral way and without creating major imbalances in the distribution of municipal tax revenues.

Die klassische Wachstumsanalyse beantwortet zwar die Frage nach der Entwicklung einer Region, kann aber keine Antwort für die Ursachen des Wachstums geben. Die hier angewandte Shift-Share-Analyse erlaubt, die Entwicklung auf die Branchenstruktur oder auf regionale Besonderheit zurückzuführen. Damit ist es für politische Entscheidungsträger möglich zu unterscheiden, ob Maßnahmen eher langfristige strukturelle Umgestaltungen auslösen oder bereits in der mittleren Frist den Standortfaktor ver ändern. Die Analyse bezieht sich hierbei auf die Entwicklung Sachsens im Vergleich zu allen Bundesländern sowie die Untersuchung der sächsischen Landkreise im Bezug auf das Bundesland.

En este artículo se examina la competitividad regional desde una perspectiva geográfica, y se construye un ranking de competitividad para los departamentos colombianos, usando las técnicas de componentes principales y de clusters jerárquicos. El análisis nos muestra que la competitividad pierde sentido cuando la aplicamos al mercado de bienes, pero adquiere significado cuando se considera el mercado y la movilidad de factores de producción. También se muestra, a diferencia de la mayoría de enfoques y mediciones de la competitividad de los departamentos colombianos, que es posible obtener mediciones sencillas, que además de ser consistentes con el marco conceptual de la geografía económica, son el producto de la combinación de un número pequeño de variables. Palabras clave: competitividad regional, geografía económica, departamentos colombianos, ranking de competitividad. Clasificación JEL: R10, R12, R19 Abstract: This article examines regional competitiveness from a geographical perspective, and constructs a competitiveness ranking for Colombian departments using principal components and hierarchical cluster techniques. The analysis shows that competitiveness becomes meaningless when it is applied to the goods market, but is meaningful when one considers the market and the mobility of production factors. The analysis also shows, unlike most approaches and measures of competitiveness for Colombian departments, that it is possible to obtain simple measures, which in addition to being consistent with the conceptual framework of economic geography, is the product of the combination of a small number of variables. Keywords: Regional Competitiveness, Economic Geography, Colombian Departments, Competitiveness Ranking. JEL Classification: R10, R12, R19 Résumé: Dans cet article nous examinons la compétitivité régionale dans une perspective géographique. Nous proposons un ranking de compétitivité pour les départements colombiens, tout en utilisant les techniques de composants principaux et de clusters hiérarchiques. Cette analyse montre que la compétitivité perd du sens lorsqu'elle est appliquée au marché de biens, mais elle a du sens lorsqu'elle est appliquée au marché des facteurs de production et leur mobilité. Contrairement à la plus part d'analyses et de mesures de la compétitivité des départements colombiens, nous montrons qu'il est possible d'obtenir des mesures très simples qui résultent de la combinaison d'un petit nombre de variables, en plus d'être compatibles avec le cadre conceptuel de la géographie économique. Mots clé: compétitivité régionale, géographie économique, départements colombiens, ranking de compétitivité. Classification JEL: R10, R12, R19

El objetivo de esta nota es presentar la contribución de Paul Krugman a la teoría económica. Se muestra el aporte y la influencia que tienen sus artículos de 1979 y 1991 en la renovación de la teoría del comercio y la aparición de la nueva geografía económica. En especial, se muestra que Krugman crea un marco teórico que permite explicar fenómenos como el comercio intraindustrial, el comercio entre los países desarrollados y los procesos de aglomeración, bajo escenarios de competencia monopolística y de rendimientos crecientes a escala. El interés de la contribución de Krugman estriba en que estos fenómenos no habían podido ser explicados satisfactoriamente por el modelo neoclásico estándar. Palabras clave: Rendimientos crecientes, competencia monopolística, Paul Krugman, nueva teoría del comercio, nueva geografía económica. Clasificación JEL: B30, F10, F12, R10 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the major contributions of Paul Krugman to economic theory. It shows the contribution and influence that articles of 1979 and 1991 have exerted on the renewal of trade theory and the emergence of new economic geography. In these articles, Krugman successfully explains intraindustry trade, trade among developed countries and agglomeration processes, all these phenomena of great importance that had not been satisfactorily explained from the point of view of standard neoclassical models. To do so, he uses a theoretical framework that incorporates monopolistic competition and increasing returns to scale. Keywords: Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, Paul Krugman, new trade theory, new economic geography. JEL Classification: B30, F10, F12, R10 Résumé: Cet article présente la contribution de Paul Krugman à la théorie économique. Nous montrons l.influence et la portée des articles parus 1979 et 1991 dans le renouvellement de la théorie du commerce et l'apparition de la nouvelle géographie économique. Plus précisément, on montre que Krugman établi un cadre théorique qui permet d'expliquer les phénomènes du commerce intra-industriel, du commerce entre les pays développés et les processus d'agglomération, en adoptant l.hypothèse de concurrence monopolistique et de rendements d'échelle croissants. C.est ainsi que les modèles de Krugman expliquent certains phénomènes qui n'avaient pas pu être expliqués de manière satisfaisante par la théorie néoclassique traditionnelle. Mots Clef: Rendements croissants, concurrence monopolistique, Paul Krugman, nouvelle théorie du commerce, nouvelle géographie économique. Classification JEL: B30, F10, F12, R10.

In a globalized, knowledge-based economy, education and training is of great importance for increasing economic and social progress: an adequately trained workforce can face competition in terms of productivity, quality and innovation. According to Eurostat, Romania allocates less money to education than most European Union countries. These allocations reflect the low level of attention paid to the education and training system. This paper analyses the situation and trends that have been registered in the Romanian education system in the EU's postaccession period. The set of indicators has been selected to cover both education levels and the types of predominantly rural, intermediate and predominantly urban regions. The following dimensions were considered: participation in education, the human and material resources involved and, where possible, the results.

This paper explores and unpacks the nature of the processes shaping regional economic growth in Turkey using an econometric modelling strategy. Economic modelling is an important approach to the analysis and understanding of regional growth and development. Over the decades, there have been a range of attempts to measure and understand the dynamics of regional growth through the modelling of underlying internal and external forces. However, existing empirical research in this field has focussed on regions in economically advanced and technologically innovative economies and comparable studies of less developed and emerging countries and their regions that suffer from poverty, unemployment and regional disparities are far fewer. As a consequence, the broader picture of the dynamics of regional development in less developed countries, particularly its social and political origins and the overall changes in regional inequality, have remained elusive and less clear. However, as globalization deepens and processes such as Europeanization and regionalization facilitate and accelerate the implementation of externally developed policies, less developed and emerging economies have started to adopt the 'successful' regional economic planning policies and practices developed and implemented in totally different national contexts. The problem with this issue is that those policy ideas have only partial relevance in the developed country context potentially making them even less relevant in developing economies. To explore this problem, this paper seeks to understand, empirically, the drivers of local and regional development in Turkey and how they can be used to develop a theoretically informed econometric analysis in the context of an emerging market economy. Not only has this form of analysis not been undertaken in Turkey, but the theories of local and regional economic development have had a major impact on the Turkish regional planning process. A set of econometric models is developed to explore the validity of a range of theoretical propositions in explaining the trajectories of regional economic change in Turkey between 2004 and 2008. Growth is calibrated in terms of employment and changing rates of unemployment in the chosen time period in the eighty one provinces of Turkey. The results of the study explain that implications of the current local and regional economic development theories are a Curate's Egg – good in parts – because these theories are only partially relevant in the Turkish context.

Throughout the world, strong dispersions of both regional and national unemployment rates can be observed. The economic theory has developed various explanations on how this differences occur. Corresponding models mainly aim at institutional and political framework, insider effects, efficiency wages, collective bargaining and cyclical effects. However, the size of economies has received little attention in this discussion. In this paper, we will show that there is indeed a strong link between size and unemployment. Using data from 37 countries, 15 continents and trade areas as well as 496 federal states, we will demonstrate that larger economic regions tend to have higher unemployment rates. Subsequently, we show that this correlation is strongly determined by the degree of centralization of countries. Based on these findings, we develop a model that explains regional and national unemployment using size and centralization. We will point out that centralization parabolas can be derived for each country. These curves are strongly influenced by the size of economies in a way that different sizes lead to a shift of the parabolas. As we will demonstrate, country-specific parabolas explain the strong dispersion of unemployment rates quite accurately.

Mit der Neuausrichtung der Wirtschaftsförderung im Land Brandenburg im Jahr 2005 wurde eine stärkere regionale und sektorale Fokussierung der Wirtschaftsförderung durchgesetzt. Die nunmehr 14 förder intensiven Branchenkompetenzfelder (BKF) verfügen in Brandenburg über besondere Entwicklungspotenziale. Zahlreiche Förderprogramme auf Landesebene wurden deshalb zielgerichteter auf diese BKF ausgerichtet. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Beschäftigten und des Umsatzes im Wirtschaftsraum Brandenburg sowie der einzelnen BKF in den Jahren 2005 bis 2009. Zusätzlich werden die Förderprogramme des Landes Brandenburgs systematisch auf ihre Verwendung untersucht

The purpose of this study is to explore any possible convergence in African American mortality rates in the United States. Using county-level data of the United States over a period of nearly five decades (1968-2015), the findings indicate that β-convergence has occurred in mortality rates of African American population implying that their mortality rates are getting closer to their means. The results are particularly stronger for females and the elderly. The findings reflect lower cost of implementation and dissemination of strategies that would target the health of such population. JEL Classifications: II0, I30, R10

This paper investigates the correlates of inequity in the distribution of exposure to air pollution in the state of Ohio. Although virtually all studies in the environmental justice literature analyze cross-sectional data, we construct a panel data set and estimate an econometric model of exposure utilizing the generalized method of moments. In addition, we postulate a surrogate for class position derived from data on estate tax collections. Even after accounting for some of the criticisms of the environmental justice literature, class and race are still significant correlates of the distribution of environmental burdens. JEL Classification: Q53, R10, C23