Suchergebnisse

The World Health Organization's Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) includes 22 countries.1 It is a 1 region rich in natural resources but with marked variation in socioeconomic wealth and health 2 system capacities and coverage.2 It has also recently been plagued by social and political instability, 3 civil unrest and conflict, and mass displacement of people.3 As a result, health in the EMR has failed 4 to improve in recent years.3 As other papers in this series highlight, there is now an increasing 5 burden of many preventable health problems including HIV, mental disorders, and intentional self-6 harm. There is a risk that without urgent action, the health status of this region will only deteriorate 7 further, with both regional and global consequences for health, the stability of civil society, and 8 economic development.

Member states across the Eastern Mediterranean region face unprecedented health challenges, buffeted by demographic change, a dual disease burden, rising health costs, and the effects of ongoing conflict and population movements - exacerbated in the near-term by instability arising from recent political upheaval in the Middle East. However, health actors in the region are not well positioned to respond to these challenges because of a dearth of good quality health research. This review presents an assessment of the current state of health research systems across the Eastern Mediterranean based on publicly available literature and data sources. The review finds that - while there have been important improvements in productivity in the Region since the early 1990s - overall research performance is poor with critical deficits in system stewardship, research training and human resource development, and basic data surveillance. Translation of research into policy and practice is hampered by weak institutional and financial incentives, and concerns over the political sensitivity of findings. These problems are attributable primarily to chronic under-investment - both financial and political - in Research and Development systems. This review identifies key areas for a regional strategy and how to address challenges, including increased funding, research capacity-building, reform of governance arrangements and sustained political investment in research support. A central finding is that the poverty of publicly available data on research systems makes meaningful cross-comparisons of performance within the EMR difficult. We therefore conclude by calling for work to improve understanding of health research systems across the region as a matter of urgency.

Der Mittelmeerraum hat seit der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts Geographen aus dem deutschen Sprachraum angezogen. Durch die Publikationen der beiden Klassiker Philippson und Th. Fischer wurde er über Lehrbücher im Bewusstsein etabliert. In der Zwischenkriegszeit herrschte noch die naturwissenschaftliche, insbesondere morphologische Forschung vor. Ab Mitte der fünfziger Jahre ermöglichten die wieder gewonnenen Reisemöglichkeiten der Westdeutschen einen starken Aufschwung der Forschungen bei gleichzeitiger Verlagerung auf humangeographische Themen (speziell auf wirtschaftsperiphere Agrarräume, neue Bewässerungsgebiete, industrielle Großprojekte, Tourismus, Herkunftsgebiete von Gastarbeitern). Obwohl man nach 1969 kaum noch Länderkunden hätte erwarten sollen, sind seit den späten sechziger Jahren geographische Monographien über sämtliche Staaten erschienen, worin sich die die regionalspezifische Kompetenz der Autoren spiegelt. Auffällig ist zugleich die große Zahl nicht-geographischer Länderkunden, ein Hinweise auf ein breiteres Bedürfnis nach wissenschaftlich fundierter Regionalinformation. In den letzten zehn Jahren sind besonders viele Forschungen zur Stadtgeographie betrieben worden (Stadtentwicklung, geschlossenen Wohnkomplexe, Geschäftszentren). Tourismus wird stärker unter den Aspekten der Nachhaltigkeit und des Übergangs zum Altersruhesitz untersucht. In der Physischen Geographie dominieren Themen der Umweltgeschichte und der aktuellen Landschaftsentwicklung, wodurch sich gute Kooperationsansätze mit Humangeographen bieten. In beiden Teildisziplinen werden Verfahren der Fernerkundung angewandt. Für die immer nur schwache Organisation der deutschen Mediterranforschung gibt es viele leicht verständliche Gründe (Vielfalt der Kultur- und Sprachräume, sachlicher oder räumlicher Wechsel der individuellen Forschungsgebiete, fehlende institutionelle Basis). Unter jüngeren Geographen scheint es einen Rückgang des Interesses am mediterranen Raum zu geben, vielleicht ein Effekt der stark abgeschwächten Reizes an Fremdheit und Exotik. Eine Minderung der Forschungsintensität wäre längerfristig von Nachteil, denn mit dem größten Teil Südeuropas sind Deutschland und Österreich in der EU vereint, so dass regionale Entwicklungen in einem Zusammenhang stehen. Zu bedenken ist auch, dass die Länder jenseits des Meeres seit Ende der neunziger Jahren zu indirekten Nachbarn geworden sind. (Autorenreferat)

The article shows how new policy tools are designed in the Mediterranean countries for the monitoring of research and innovation. It relies on the results of a large European project, ESTIME, funded by the European Union that aimed at describing the state of research and technology policies and systems of partner countries in the Mediterranean. Other initiatives are also mentioned that aimed at gathering information on research and innovation systems in the Middle East and North African countries (MENA). The article presents the importance of the European Union as a reference for this monitoring activity. It also shows that the new tools, for example, innovation surveys, are a part of the policy process itself. Finally, it presents the main characteristics of public policies, their recent turn toward innovation and the effects that these policies have had on the institutions and actors promoting innovation which we propose to call the 'innovation world'. Two examples are presented in more detail, Tunisia and Morocco, since both countries have been actively promoting innovation policies and have developed innovation surveys.

EMHJ is the official health journal published by the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization. It is a forum for the presentation and promotion of new policies and initiatives in health services; and for the exchange of ideas concepts epidemiological data research findings and other information with special reference to the Eastern Mediterranean Region. It addresses all members of the health profession medical and other health educational institutes interested NGOs WHO Collaborating Centres and individuals within and outside the Region ; EST une revue de santé officielle publiée par le Bureau régional de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour la Méditerranée orientale. Elle offre une tribune pour la présentation et la promotion de nouvelles politiques et initiatives dans le domaine de la santé publique et des services de santé ainsi qu'à l'échange d'idées de concepts de données épidémiologiques de résultats de recherches et d'autres informations se rapportant plus particulièrement à la Région de la Méditerranée orientale. Elle s'adresse à tous les professionnels de la santé aux membres des instituts médicaux et autres instituts de formation médico-sanitaire aux ONG Centres collaborateurs de l'OMS et personnes concernés au sein et hors de la Région ; هى المجلة الرسمية التى تصدرعن المكتب الاقليمى لشرق المتوسط بمنظمة الصحة العالمية. وهى منبر لتقديم السياسات و المبادرات الجديدة فى الخدمات الصحية والترويج لها، و لتبادل الاراء و المفاهيم و المعطيات الوبائية و نتائج الابحاث و غير ذلك من معلومات، و خاصة ما يتعلق منها باقليم شرق المتوسط. وهى موجهة الى كل اعضاء المهن الصحية، و الكليات الطبية و سائر المعاهد التعليمية، و كذا المنظمات غير الحكومية المعنية، و المراكز المتعاونة مع منظمة الصحة العالمية و الافراد المهتمين بالصحة فى الاقليم و خارجه ; 525 ; 591

Article published in online journal : Global Health Action : 2019, vol. 12, 1569838 ; ABSTRACT Background: This paper examines one EC-funded multinational project (RESCAP-MED), with a focus on research capacity building (RCB) concerning non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa. By the project's end (2015), the entire region was engulfed in crisis. Objective: Designed before this crisis developed in 2011, the primary purpose of RESCAPMED was to foster methodological skills needed to conduct multi-disciplinary research on NCDs and their social determinants. RESCAP-MED also sought to consolidate regional networks for future collaboration, and to boost existing regional policy engagement in the region on the NCD challenge. This analysis examines the scope and sustainability of RCB conducted in a context of intensifying political turmoil. Methods: RESCAP-MED linked two sets of activities. The first was a framework for training early- and mid-career researchers through discipline-based and writing workshops, plus short fellowships for sustained mentoring. The second integrated public-facing activities designed to raise the profile of the NCD burden in the region, and its implications for policymakers at national level. Key to this were two conferences to showcase regional research on NCDs, and the development of an e-learning resource (NETPH). Results: Seven discipline-based workshops (with 113 participants) and 6 workshops to develop writing skills (84 participants) were held, with 18 fellowship visits. The 2 symposia in Istanbul and Beirut attracted 280 participants. Yet the developing political crisis tagged each activity with a series of logistical challenges, none of which was initially envisaged. The immediacy of the crisis inevitably deflected from policy attention to the challenges of NCDs. Conclusions: This programme to strengthen research capacity for one priority area of global public health took place as a narrow window of political opportunity was closing. The key lessons concern issues of sustainability and the paramount importance of responsively shaping a context-driven RCB.

Most child deaths in the region are preventable and occur in just a few of the 22 countries in the region. The interventions are not expensive, but governments need to implement them

Qualitative data is now increasingly used within public health research, and domestic violence widely is recognized as a serious public health problem. India is one of the most socio-economically diverse nations in the world, where language, culture and customs differ from place to place within the country. In order to carry out research on domestic violence in a multi-centre cross-cultural environment, it is imperative to pay attention to methodological issues. This paper aims to understand how domestic violence is addressed in research and identifies lessons from the methodological gaps in understanding health research. These gaps are analyzed at four levels; conceptualization, setting, ethics and cross-cultural adaptation of research instruments. The research was a multicentre study covering 18 states of India. A wide range of methods were used to narrow the methodological gaps. Despite the inherent difficulties in defining domestic violence in a cross cultural set up, the paper reflects the cumulative efforts of investigators to recognize and systematically deal with the methodological gap in addressing multi-centre research.

May 1978. ; Speech before Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on May 2, 1978. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The EMHJ was launched in 1995 as a peer-reviewed medical journal. Starting January 2010 the Journal has been given a new format and is now published monthly. The EMHJ serves as a forum for the dissemination of biomedical information through the publication of scientific research papers on a range of topics related to public health with particular relevance to the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In this month's issue: Editorial: Prevention of type 2 diabetes - where is the evidence? Editorial: Continuing progress in the priority health areas: actions for Member States and WHO; Confidenti

This detailed and comprehensive study examines nutrition and health in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region, presenting the six game-changing food systems actions proposed by the WHO and the progress of their implementation in the region.

The WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region is a particularly complex place to study: an area of economic contrasts with changing dietary patterns and stark differences between high levels of malnutrition and a prevalence of overweight and obesity. As a result, actions to improve the nutritional situation of the population are urgently sought. The strategies explored in this book offer a unique opportunity to change food systems all over the world, addressing aspects including sustainable food production, the impact of marketing and labelling on behaviour, and the effect of global events such as climate change, war and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reshaping Food Systems is an essential read at a time when malnutrition in all its forms, including undernourishment, micronutrient deficiencies and overweight and obesity, pose a serious threat to global health, and is of particular interest for policymakers working in nutrition and public health.

Social inequality is widely recognized as an important cause of conflict and the social determinants of health in conflict settings reflect and reinforce these inequalities. This publication explores the impact of conflict and occupation on the health of people in six countries of the region, identifying loss of human rights, breaches of medical neutrality and psychosocial distress as key determinants that affect people 's health in crisis settings. The publication also identifies some examples of activities and interventions that may help to mitigate the impact of these conflicts on the healt