Suchergebnisse

Seit Mitte der 2000er Jahre sehen sich viele OECD-Länder mit einer Verlangsamung des Produktivitätswachstums konfrontiert. Diese wurde ebenfalls in den 1970er Jahren beobachtet und von vielen Ökonom*innen analysiert. Sie entwickelten unterschiedliche Begründungen für die Verlangsamung, hauptsächlich aufgrund steigender Energiepreise oder inflationärer Tendenzen. Jedoch können beide Ansätze nicht angewandt werden, um die jüngste Verlangsamung zu erklären. In dieser Masterarbeit werden die verringerte Anzahl von Innovationen und die geringere Innovationstätigkeit als Hauptursache für das niedrige Produktivitätswachstum diskutiert. In Anlehnung an Schumpeters Theorie, in welcher Schwärme von Innovatoren die Hauptursache für unterschiedliche Zahlen an Innovationen sind, wird ein Überblick über Studien im Bereich der Theorien der langen Wellen gegeben. Dabei wurde ein fast gleichlaufendes Wellenmuster zwischen der Innovationstätigkeit und der Produktivitätsstatistik entdeckt. Als nächstes wird die Position in der Zeitachse einer langen Welle definiert, da in den verschiedenen Phasen unterschiedliche Staatsaufgaben erforderlich sind. Die beobachtete Produktivitätsverlangsamung sowie die verringerte Innovationstätigkeit deuten darauf hin, dass die Staaten in die Endphase der Internet- und der Kommunikationstechnologien eingetreten sind. Damit befinden sich die Staaten in einer Position der langen Welle, in der sie eine aktivere Rolle übernehmen müssen. Erstens ist eine direkte staatliche Finanzierung neuer Technologien erforderlich, um die Voraussetzungen für die nächste technologische Revolution zu schaffen. Der Staat sollte eine marktgestaltende Rolle übernehmen. Zweitens, technischer Erfolg allein hilft den Volkswirtschaften nicht, um das neue Potenzial zu entfalten. Die Regierungen müssen das Finanzkapital dazu drängen, seine Position zu produktivitätssteigernden Risken zu überdenken, da es eher langfristige Investitionen als eine kurzfristige Finanzierung benötigt. ; Since the mid-2000s, many OECD countries face a slowdown of productivity growth. The same has already been observed in the 1970s and had been analysed by many economists. They developed different reasonings to explain the slowdown, mainly due to increasing energy prices or inflationary tendencies. Both approaches cannot be applied to explain the recent slowdown. This master thesis discusses the reduced number of innovations and the lower innovative activity as the leading cause for the downturn in productivity growth. Following Schumpeters theory, according to which the swarming of innovators is the leading cause of differences in the number of innovations, an overview of studies in the field of long wave theories was performed. Thereby, a similar wave-form pattern between the innovative activity and the productivity statistics has been discovered. Next, the position in the timeline of a long wave is defined, as different policies are needed in the various phases of a long wave. The observed productivity slowdown, as well as the reduced innovative activity, indicate that the considered states have already entered the maturity phase of the Age of the Internet and Communication Technologies. Hence, the states are in a position of the long wave, where they have to take on a more active role. First, direct government funding of new promising technologies is needed to sow the seeds for the next technological revolution. The state should take on a market-creating role, as the market participants are stuck in the old, successful techno-economic paradigm. Second, technical success alone does not help the economies to unfold the new potential. The governments must push the financial capital to rethink its position to productivity-increasing risk, as it requires long-term investments rather than short-term finance. To end the productivity slowdown, it needs more than just government finance. It also requires the coupling of the financial and the productive world. ; Patrick Mayrhofer ; Zusammenfassungen auf Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2020 ; (VLID)5357632

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