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Premi extraordinari doctorat UPC curs 2015-2016, àmbit Enginyeria de les TIC ; Contributory and volunteer computing ecosystems built around a community of participants need, like any other common-pool resources, an adaptive governance mechanism to guarantee the sustainability of the ecosystem. Reciprocity incentive mechanisms based on economic principles have been proved efficient solutions to regulate the resource sharing and allocation in large computing architectures, guaranteeing a direct retribution for each individual contribution even in presence of misbehaving users. However, while these mechanisms preserve the macro-equilibrium of the computational shared resources (e.g., CPU or memory), participants with fewer resources face problems competing for the attention of other members with more resources to cooperate with; making it difficult to apply such principles in practice. Additionally, active members of the community contributingin other aspects (e.g., doing administrative tasks or developing software) are not contemplated in traditional schemes although their time and effort are also part of the common-pool resource and hence, should be retributed somehow. The aim of this thesis is to revisit some of the architectural aspects of current systems and propose a framework to govern contributory and volunteer computing ecosystems in a fairer way based on principles of participatory economics. Our main contributions in this thesis are threefold. First, we examine the mechanisms ruling the resource sharing and propose a new reciprocal incentive mechanism that measures participants¿ effort on sharing resources instead of their direct contribution, so it increases the collaboration opportunities of users with fewer resources in heterogeneous scenarios. Second, we propose a regulation mechanism for allocating new computational devices and distribute new resources within them, with the objective of increasing their impact in the common-pool resources when the demand of resources is supplied by the community. Third, we propose new methods to detect and analyze the social positions and roles of the community members, enabling the governance mechanism to be adapted taking into account members' effort on several tasks not considered otherwise. The main contributions of this thesis conform a single framework that has been tested experimentally, using simulations, in a resource-sharing environment with non-strategic participants. Potentially, the mechanisms developed in this thesis will open new opportunities to apply political-economic and social ideas to the new generation of volunteer, contributory or grid computing systems; as well as other commonpool resources scenarios. ; Els sistemes de computació voluntària o contributiva construïts al voltant de comunitats de participants necessiten, com qualsevol altre common-pool resource, mecanismes de govern adaptatius que garanteixin la sostenibilitat de l'ecosistema. Els incentius recíprocs basats en principis econòmics han demostrat ser solucions eficients per regular la compartició i assignació de recursos en arquitectures de gran escala, garantint una retribució directa per cada contribució, inclús en presència d'usuaris maliciosos. No obstant això, mentre aquests mecanismes preserven el macro equilibri dels recursos compartits (p. ex., CPU o memòria), els participants amb menys recursos tenen problemes per competir per l'atenció dels altres membres amb més recursos quan volen cooperar amb ells; fent difícil en la pràctica aplicar aquests principis. A més a més, els membres actius de la comunitat contribuint en altres aspectes (p. ex., realitzant tasques administratives, o desenvolupant software) no es torben contemplats en els esquemes tradicions tot i que el seu temps i esforç també son part del common-pool resource i, per tant, haurien de ser compensats. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és revisar alguns dels aspectes d'arquitectura que fan que aquestes estratègies no funcionin i proposar un framework per governar ecosistemes de computació voluntària o contributiva duna manera més justa utilitzant principis de participació econòmica. Primer, examinem els mecanismes que controlen la compartició de recursos i proposem un nou mecanisme d'incentiu recíproc que mesura l'esforç dels participants mentre comparteixen recursos en comptes de la seva contribució directa, de manera que les oportunitats per cooperar incrementen pels usuaris amb menys recursos. En segon lloc, proposem un mecanisme per regular l'assignació de noves màquines de computació i recursos, amb l'objectiu de millorar el seu impacte en escenaris amb common-pool resource quan la demanda de recursos ha de ser subministrada col·lectivament. Tercer, proposem nous mètodes per detectar i analitzar els rols i posicions socials dels membres de la comunitat, permetent que els mecanismes de govern es puguin adaptar tenint en compte l'esforç dels participants en altres tipus de tasques prèviament no contemplades. Les principals contribucions d'aquesta tesi formen un únic framework que ha estat provat experimentalment, utilitzant simulacions, en un escenari cooperatiu amb participants no estratègics. Potencialment, els mecanismes desenvolupats en aquesta tesi obriran noves oportunitats per aplicar idees politico-econòmiques i socials a la nova generació de sistemes de computació voluntària, cooperativa o grid, així com escenaris common-pool resource. ; Award-winning ; Postprint (published version)

This paper presents an integrated vision, architecture, middleware and applications of a public and large scale Grid for everyone: supporting collaboration for groups of people who can interact and share work and share or trade computing resources among them. This public Grid is decentralized and self-adapting to the dynamics of the online world with networks, computers and people who come and go, fail and recover and applications with varying loads and resource needs. Initial evaluation based on the first release of the middleware components and applications shows how our Grid can operate in a dynamic and decentralized environment by a combination of pooling and market mechanisms that adapt supply and demand for resources, self-managing services and applications that react to environmental changes and generic data-sharing services for concurrent write-sharing. The potential for societal impact is enormous as it can open Grid computing and collaboration to everyone on the Internet. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

With the advent of distributed computing, the need for frameworks that facilitate its programming and management has also appeared. These tools have typically been used to support the research on application areas that require them. This poses good initial conditions for translational computer science (TCS), although this does not always occur. This article describes our experience with the PyCOMPSs project, a programming model for distributed computing. While it is a research instrument for our team, it has also been applied in multiple real use cases under the umbrella of European Funded projects, or as part of internal projects between various departments at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center. This article illustrates how the authors have engaged in TCS as an underlying research methodology, collecting experiences from three European projects. ; This work was supported in part by Spanish Government under Contract TIN2015-65316-P, in part by the Generalitat de Catalunya under Contract 2014-SGR-1051, and in part by the European Commission's Horizon 2020 Framework program through BioExcel Center of Excellence under Contract 823830 and Contract 675728, in part by the ExaQUte Project under Contract 800898, in part by the European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (JU) under Grant 955558, in part by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and in part by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (author's final draft)

Intro -- Titelei -- Impressum -- Widmung -- Danksagung -- Inhalt -- Vorwort für die deutsche Ausgabe von Robert Kiyosaki -- 20 Jahre … ein Rückblick -- Heute vor 20 Jahren -- Einführung -- Reicher Vater, armer Vater -- 1. Kapitel -- Lektion eins: Die Reichen ­arbeiten nicht für Geld -- Lerneinheit -- 2. Kapitel -- Lektion zwei: Was bringt ein solides finanzielles Grundwissen? -- Lerneinheit -- 3. Kapitel -- Lektion drei: Kümmern Sie sich um Ihre eigenen Geschäfte -- Lerneinheit -- 4. Kapitel -- Lektion vier: Die Geschichte der Steuern und die Macht der Unternehmen -- Lerneinheit -- 5. Kapitel -- Lektion fünf: Die Reichen erfinden das Geld -- Lerneinheit -- 6. Kapitel -- Lektion sechs: Arbeiten Sie, um zu lernen, nicht für Geld -- Lerneinheit -- 7. Kapitel -- Lektion Sieben: Hindernisse überwinden -- Lerneinheit -- 8. Kapitel -- Lektion acht: Die ersten Schritte -- Lerneinheit -- 9. Kapitel -- Lektion neun: Sie wollen noch mehr? Hier noch ein paar Dinge, die Sie tun können -- Lerneinheit -- Zu guter Letzt -- Lerneinheit -- Der Autor Robert T. Kiyosaki.

AbstractOne of the factors that perpetuates gender inequality is the inequitable division of household labor, and particularly the division of childcare labor. Even when women are employed outside the home, many remain primarily responsible for household duties and childcare. There is little research on the household division of labor and childcare in lead‐dad households. I use the term "lead dad" to refer to a father, with or without an outside job, who takes primary responsibility for the household and children. This research explores how different lead‐dad households operate, examining how two types of lead‐dad households handle childcare and household chores, and what this means for the mother's domestic workload. From interviews with married or cohabitating heterosexual parents of children under five where fathers do most of the childcare, I find that lead‐dad households come in two forms: some dads do‐it‐all and some do not (daytime dads). The key difference between do‐it‐all dads and daytime dads is that do‐it‐all dads take care of almost all household chores and childcare. Meanwhile, daytime dads' primary focus is on taking care of the kids while mom is at work. However, even in households where dads "do it all," moms are still heavily involved in the cognitive labor required to operate a household (e.g., planning playdates and scheduling summer camps). These findings have important implications for the study of the household division of labor and parenting expectations of mothers and fathers, exemplifying how gendered expectations do not necessarily swap when lead‐parent roles are reversed.

This thesis is focused on temporal information processing, which is a task framed in the field of natural language processing. The aim of this task is to obtain the temporal location and ordering of the events expressed in text or discourse, which requires the automatic interpretation of temporal expressions, events, and the temporal relations between them. The majority of current approaches are based on morphosyntactic knowledge. However, temporal entities are often ambiguous at that language analysis level. Our hypothesis is that the linguistic expression of time is a semantic phenomenon and therefore, to achieve a better extraction performance, temporal information must be processed using semantics. To prove this hypothesis, we present a semantic approach to temporal information processing: TIPSem. This is an automated system that includes features based on lexical semantics, semantic roles, and temporal semantics, in addition to morphosyntactic features. TIPSem has been empirically evaluated through the participation in the TempEval-2 international evaluation exercise and subsequent experiments based on this test. The results obtained firmly support the presented hypothesis and their analysis demonstrates that semantic features aid in handling morphosyntactic ambiguity and favour generalization capabilities. These conclusions have been reached for different languages (i.e., English, Spanish, Italian, and Chinese), which supports the defended hypothesis at a multilingual level. Finally, as compared with the state of the art, TIPSem obtains a very competitive performance level and introduces a remarkable improvement in event processing. TIPSem has been applied to the problem of graphical representation of temporal information. We have developed a dynamic interface which brings users time-based access to information: Time-Surfer. The results obtained through a user-oriented evaluation of this interface demonstrate that TIPSem's performance is also satisfactory from an extrinsic standpoint. ; This PhD thesis has been supported by the Spanish Government, in projects: TIN-2006-15265-C06-01, TIN-2009-13391-C04-01 and PROMETEO/2009/119, where Hector Llorens is funded under a FPI grant (BES-2007-16256).

The qualitative research methodology of autoethnography has been used by the researcher to explore his own lived experience as a father, specifically focusing on his experiences with his son playing cricket. As an autoethnography, the article unfolds as a first-person narrative that endeavours to connect the personal experiences of one particular father to wider social and cultural aspects of being a parent today. The narrative draws on data spanning 18 months to explore the researcher's "unknown" world of being a cricketing Dad.