Suchergebnisse

In this paper we set up a NK-DSGE model in which the consumer derives utility from a consumption basket made of public and private consumption, there is monopolistic competiton in the intermediate good sector, Calvo-Yun price setting, endogenous labour supply and Taylor rule for monetary policy. We analyse the effects of a counterciclical fiscal policy rule and how varying the degree of counterciclicality affects the determinacy of the rational expectations equilbrium and the ability to respond to technological and government spending shocks. A broad conclusion is that desiderability of pro/counter ciclical stance of fiscal policy cannot accurately be drawn without taking into account the quality of the public expenditure and the way it interacts with private consumption.

In this paper we set up a NK-DSGE model in which the consumer derives utility from a consumption basket made of public and private consumption, there is monopolistic competiton in the intermediate good sector, Calvo-Yun price setting, endogenous labour supply and Taylor rule for monetary policy. We analyse the effects of a counterciclical fiscal policy rule and how varying the degree of counterciclicality affects the determinacy of the rational expectations equilbrium and the ability to respond to technological and government spending shocks. A broad conclusion is that desiderability of pro/counter ciclical stance of fiscal policy cannot accurately be drawn without taking into account the quality of the public expenditure and the way it interacts with private consumption.

AbstractOne of the most debated issues in modern macroeconomics relates to the behaviour of private consumption in response to an increase in government spending. Recent empirical studies have found a positive relationship between these two macroeconomic fundamentals. However, such a finding cannot be easily reconciled with simple real business cycle models. In this paper, we develop and estimate a new Keynesian model that is able to predict a rise in consumption in response to an increase in productive public spending. We show the two key elements that lead to a statistically significant positive reaction of private consumption, thereby creating consumption present‐value multipliers, are: (i) a productive component in public spending and (ii) nominal rigidities. Our key results remain valid to various robustness checks that include a sub‐sample analysis examining the pre‐Great Recession period and a sensitivity analysis on the structural, fiscal and monetary policy parameters of the model.

This paper shows that the public provision of private goods may be justified on pure efficiency grounds in an environment where individuals have relative consumption concerns. By providing private goods, governments directly intervene in the consumption structure, and thereby have an instrument to correct for the excessive consumption of positional goods. We identify sufficient conditions when the public provision of private goods is always Pareto-improving, even when (linear) consumption taxes are available. In fact, with the public provision of private goods, there are cases where first-best allocations can be achieved, and a luxury tax on the positional good is redundant.

This paper shows that the public provision of private goods may be justified on pure efficiency grounds in an environment where individuals have relative consumption concerns. By providing private goods, governments directly intervene in the consumption structure, and thereby have an instrument to correct for the excessive consumption of positional goods. We identify sufficient conditions when the public provision of private goods is always Pareto-improving, even when (linear) consumption taxes are available. In fact, with the public provision of private goods, there are cases where first-best allocations can be achieved, and a luxury tax on the positional good is redundant.

This paper shows that the public provision of private goods may be justified on pure efficiency grounds in an environment where individuals have relative consumption concerns. By providing private goods, governments directly intervene in the consumption structure, and thereby have an instrument to correct for the excessive consumption of positional goods. We identify sufficient conditions when the public provision of private goods is always Pareto-improving, even when (linear) consumption taxes are available. In fact, with the public provision of private goods, there are cases where first-best allocations can be achieved, and a luxury tax on the positional good is redundant.

The nature of the link between economic growth, public and private consumption in theoretical and empirical research is not well known in Cameroon. The objective of this study is to examine the nature of the relationship between economic growth, public and private consumption in Cameroon from 1980 to 2015. In order to achieve our goal, the data from the CENUCED were collected and tested in the autoregressive vector model (VAR). The delay selection statistic for VAR allowed us to have the following causality results: in Cameroon, there is a unidirectional relationship between economic growth towards public consumption and economic growth towards private consumption. Meanwhile, there is no causal link between public and private consumption, from public and private consumption to economic growth. Thus, the recommendation is that the Cameroonian government should create an incentive framework conducive to the improvement of public and private consumption to stimulate investment and economic growth.

<p>The nature of the link between economic growth, public and private consumption in theoretical and empirical research is not well known in Cameroon. The objective of this study is to examine the nature of the relationship between economic growth, public and private consumption in Cameroon from 1980 to 2015. In order to achieve our goal, the data from the CENUCED were collected and tested in the autoregressive vector model (VAR). The delay selection statistic for VAR allowed us to have the following causality results: in Cameroon, there is a unidirectional relationship between economic growth towards public consumption and economic growth towards private consumption. Meanwhile, there is no causal link between public and private consumption, from public and private consumption to economic growth. Thus, the recommendation is that the Cameroonian government should create an incentive framework conducive to the improvement of public and private consumption to stimulate investment and economic growth.</p>

This paper shows that public provision of private goods may be justified on pure efficiency grounds in an environment where individuals have relative consumption concerns. By providing private goods, governments directly intervene in the consumption structure, thereby having an instrument to correct for the excessive consumption of positional goods. We identify sufficient conditions where public provision of private goods is always part of the optimal policy mix, even when consumption taxes are available. In fact, with public provision of private goods, there are cases where the first-best allocation can be achieved, and (linear) consumption taxes can be redundant.

"Inequality in access to health care services, through private purchase, appears to pose policy challenges greater than inequality in other spheres. This paper explores how inequality in access to health care services relates to social welfare. I examine the sources of private demand for health insurance and the ramifications of this demand for health, for patterns for government spending on health care services, and for individual and social well-being. Finally, I evaluate the implications of a health tax as a response to the externalities of health service consumption, and provide a rough measure of the tax in the context of the Canadian publicly-financed health care system"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site