Suchergebnisse

This research aims to discuss the implementation of balance principle of marine and coastal resources management. The type of this research is a normative research by way of applying the provisions and conceptual approach. The result of the research shows that the government authority is more dominant than protect the interest of adat law society. In the implementation of balance principle with regards to the coastal and natural resources management has not yet fully provided the positive impact for the social welfare. Besides, both parties have different concept of balance principle, so that it is incompatible with the substance and interpretation in its implementation. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji penerapan asas keseimbangan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam laut dan pesisir. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan pemerintah lebih dominan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam, namun kurang memberikan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan masyarakat hukum adat. Penerapan prinsip keseimbangan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam di wilayah laut dan pesisir belum sepenuhnya memberikan pengaruh positif bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Selain itu, kedua belah pihak mempunyai konsep yang berbeda tentang prinsip keseimbangan sehingga dalam penerapannya belum sesuai dengan makna atau hakekatnya.

Considering that principal-principal conflicts in companies under mixed public-private ownership are substantially different from the typical agency conflict model, this paper's objective is to analyze principal-principal conflicts in mixed ownership companies in the Brazilian electric power industry. In order to expand understanding of the phenomenon which we are studying, we have integrated the assumptions that underlie agency theory and institutional theory, using a qualitative approach and collecting data during semi structured interviews with companies' board members. Data was analyzed and interpreted as per Bardin (2006), with the aid of ATLAS®ti software. Our main findings suggest that while a government stake in a firm's ownership structure can provide a useful channel for the government to seek support and resources, in counterpoint, it can also create distortions and uncertainties, and exacerbate principal-principal conflicts. The development of stronger institutions and corporate governance could bring about useful options for providing checks and balances and, in the final analysis, mitigate principal-principal conflict. The article contributes to the literature by providing additional elements that are not available in public reports. Analysis of the conflict between principal and principal, together with theoretical integration, seek to broaden the understanding of this theme. ; Considerando que os conflitos entre principal e principal em empresas de propriedade mista público-privada são substancialmente diferentes do modelo típico de conflito de agência, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conflito principal-principal em empresas de propriedade mista no setor elétrico brasileiro. A fim de ampliar a compreensão do fenômeno de interesse, integramos os pressupostos subjacentes à Teoria da Agência e à Teoria Institucional, usando uma abordagem qualitativa e coletando dados durante entrevistas semiestruturadas com membros do conselho. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados conforme Bardin (2006), ...

Regulatory agencies often delegate responsibility for implementing policy to agencies at lower levels of government. This article models strategic bargaining between New York State regulatory principals at the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and county landfill agents as an iterated prisoner's dilemma game. Data are drawn from regional DEC and county records over a 7-year period. Local regulatory agents balance local political pressures, career aspirations, and the probability of being caught and punished in deciding whether to cooperate or defect with regional DEC regulators. Regional DEC regulatory principals balance their support from governor and legislature, the importance of the regulatory issue, and the constraints of scarce resources in deciding whether to cooperate or defect with local landfill operators.

ABSTRACT Considering that principal-principal conflicts in companies under mixed public-private ownership are substantially different from the typical agency conflict model, this paper's objective is to analyze principal-principal conflicts in mixed ownership companies in the Brazilian electric power industry. In order to expand understanding of the phenomenon which we are studying, we have integrated the assumptions that underlie agency theory and institutional theory, using a qualitative approach and collecting data during semi structured interviews with companies' board members. Data was analyzed and interpreted as per Bardin (2006), with the aid of ATLAS®ti software. Our main findings suggest that while a government stake in a firm's ownership structure can provide a useful channel for the government to seek support and resources, in counterpoint, it can also create distortions and uncertainties, and exacerbate principal-principal conflicts. The development of stronger institutions and corporate governance could bring about useful options for providing checks and balances and, in the final analysis, mitigate principal-principal conflict. The article contributes to the literature by providing additional elements that are not available in public reports. Analysis of the conflict between principal and principal, together with theoretical integration, seek to broaden the understanding of this theme.

Instead of looking at individual nutrients or foods, dietary pattern analysis has emerged as a promising approach to examine the relationship between diet and health outcomes. Despite dietary patterns being compositional (i.e. usually a higher intake of some foods implies that less of other foods are being consumed), compositional data analysis has not yet been applied in this setting. We describe three compositional data analysis approaches (compositional principal component analysis, balances and principal balances) that enable the extraction of dietary patterns by using control subjects from the Spanish multicase-control (MCC-Spain) study. In particular, principal balances overcome the limitations of purely data-driven or investigator-driven methods and present dietary patterns as trade-offs between eating more of some foods and less of others. ; The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The study was partially funded by the ''Accion Transversal del Cancer'', approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on 11 October 2007; by the Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (grant nos PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773-Cantabria, PS09/01286-Leo´n, PS09/ 01903-Valencia, PS09/02078-Huelva, PS09/01662-Granada, PI11/01403, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI14/01219, PI14/0613, PI15/00069, PI15/00914, PI15/01032, PI17/01280, PI09/0914, IJCI-2014-20900); by the Spanish Ministry of Health (grant no. CB06/02/1002); by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant no. MTM2015-65016- C2-1-R); by the Catalan Government-Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) (grant nos 2014SGR551, 2017SGR656, 2017SGR733, 2017SGR723, 2017SGR1085); by the University of Girona (grant no. MPCUdG2016/069, GDRCompetUdG2017/19); by the Fundacio´n Marque´s de Valdecilla (grant no. API 10/09); by the Junta de Castilla y Leo´n (grant no. LE22A10-2); by the Consejerı´a de Salud of the Junta de Andalucı´a (grant nos PI-0571- 2009, PI-0306-2011, salud201200057018tra); by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (grant no. AP_061/10); by the Regional Government of the Basque Country; by the Consejerı´a de Sanidad de la Regio´n de Murcia; by the European Commission (FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE); by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation; by the Fundacio´n Caja de Ahorros de Asturias; and by the University of Oviedo. ISGlobal is a member of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya.

The aim of this article is to make a historical path through the development of Political Science in Brazil, considering the background of political thought and major milestones in the creation of this field of knowledge. To do this, the following dimensions will be taken: 1) Teaching institutions; 2) research centers; 3) The main actors in the field; 4) academic networks; and 5) The main products(scientific journals and books, mainly). We will try to link the historical development of the country (external history) with the own processes of the field of knowledge (internal history); trying to overcome the static view of disciplinary studies to observe from a dynamic perspective, the constitution of Political Science in the country. ; El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un recorrido histórico por el desarrollo de la Ciencia Política en el Brasil, teniendo en cuenta los antecedentes del pensamiento político y los principales hitos en la constitución de esta rama del conocimiento. Para ello se tomarán las siguientes dimensiones: 1) Las instituciones de enseñanza; 2) Los centros de investigación; 3) Los principales referentes del campo; 4) Las redes académicas; y 5) Los principales productos (revistas científicas y libros, fundamentalmente). Para ello, se intentará vincular el desarrollo histórico del país (historia externa) con los procesos propios del campo del conocimiento (historia interna); intentando superar la visión estática de los estudios disciplinares para poder observar desde una perspectiva dinámica la constitución de la Ciencia Política en el país.

School principals play a significant role in the effective running of schools. They are confronted by countless demands, expectations and challenges while trying to maintain balance in their decision-making about contradictory, yet complementary, considerations, such as the emphases to place on pedagogy/education, democracy/authority and pastoral care/academic teaching. The main purpose of this study was to examine these dualisms on the part of Irish second-level principals. Specifically, the research looks at their background influences and the impact of these on their current practices especially in the ways they communicate and interact, both with people in their schools and external agencies linked to the schools. ; TARA (Trinity?s Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie

AbstractWe develop a new framework to study legislative representation in list proportional representation (PR) systems. Our model studies a legislator's incentives to balance the competing interests of party leaders and local voters under a variety of list PR systems. We consider open and closed lists, as well as flexible lists—in which both rank assignments and preference votes determine the order in which seats are filled. We find that more flexibility can worsen local representation. List flexibility also acts as a key mediator of the effect of voter partisanship on party cohesion. And, our analysis reveals that higher district magnitude encourages representatives to toe the party line under all ballot systems.

La publicación del número 11 de la revista coincidirá con el momento de la consulta y el referéndum, puesta a trámite en la Corte Constitucional por el Gobierno Nacional, con la intención de superar los problemas de la Función Judicial y así responder a la inseguridad ciudadana que se vive a diario en las principales ciudades del Ecuador. El Gobierno pretende con esta consulta obtener el apoyo del voto popular para realizar cambios constitucionales y legales, como la caducidad de la prisión preventiva, y cambios institucionales, como la reestructuración de la administración de la justicia, a fin de facilitar –según el régimen– el combate a la inseguridad pública.