Suchergebnisse

In the last decade, many porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) outbreaks have been reported by several countries in Asia whereas only a few Member States of the European Union (EU) have reported PED clinical cases and/or PED virus (PEDV)-seropositive animals. This alphacoronavirus was first reported in the USA in May 2013, followed by rapid spread throughout the country and outbreaks reported by several countries in the Americas. The recent PEDV-EU isolates have high level of sequence identity to PEDV-Am isolates. Based on nucleotide sequencing, multiple variants of PEDV are circulating in Europe, the Americas and Asia but any difference in virulence and antigenicity is currently unknown. Serological cross-reactivity has been reported between PEDV isolated in Europe and in the Americas; however no data regarding cross-protection are available. The impact of different PEDV strains is difficult to compare between one country and another, since impact is dependent not only on pathogenicity but also on factors such as biosecurity, farm management, sanitary status or herd immune status. However, the clinical signs of PEDV infections in naive pigs are similar in different countries with mortalities up to 100% in naive newborn piglets. The impact of recently reported PED outbreaks in Asia and the USA seems to be more severe than what has been described in Europe. Infected animals, faeces, feed and objects contaminated with faeces are matrices that have been reported to transmit PEDV between farms. Infectious PEDV has been detected in spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in one study but the origin of the infectious PEDV in SDPP is not clear. Detection of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has been reported in a few countries but only limited testing has been done. Based on the currently available information, it seems that PDCoV would have a lower impact than PEDV.

Comprend : Autres auteurs : Boilon, Dominique ; Appartient à l'ensemble documentaire : BnSP000

La production porcine a pour cadre le marché très concurrentiel et très intégré de l'Union européenne. Au fil des années, elle s'est concentrée dans des élevages plus compétitifs, plus professionnels et moins nombreux et dans les régions et filières européennes les mieux organisées économiquement. La réglementation environnementale vient rebattre les cartes, conduisant au blocage ou au recul dans certaines régions spécialisées comme la Bretagne. Partout en France, les contraintes de société freinent ou bloquent le développement des élevages de porcs, empêchent les indispensables adaptations ou génèrent des charges nouvelles. Avec l'élargissement de l'UE, en production porcine, les risques sont d'abord pour les nouveaux adhérents. Mais en cas d'ouverture des frontières par l'OMC, l'UE court un risque majeur. Face au modèle familial, dominant en Europe, l'intégration se développe et pourrait se répandre dans le monde. Dans ce contexte, pourra-t-on concilier le haut niveau des contraintes de société en Europe et la rentabilité des exploitations ? Quel modèle de production porcine pourra répondre aux attentes de la société, en restant rentable et en assurant aux éleveurs et aux salariés les conditions de vie et de travail qu'ils attendent ? ; Pig production fits within the very competitive and very integrated market framework of the European Union. Throughout the years, this production has been concentrated in very competitive farms, being more professional and fewer and located in regions and sectors in Europe that have the best economic organisation. The environmental regulations have changed the game, leading to a blockage or a setback in certain specialised regions like Brittany. All over France, the constraints have slown down or blocked the development of pig production, hindering the necessary adaptations or creating new charges. With the enlargement of the EU, the main risks in pig farming are for the newcomers. However, if the frontiers open up via the WTO, the EU is running a major risk. While the family model is dominant in Europe, integration is developing and could spread throughout the world. In such a context, will one be able to conciliate the high level of European social constraints and the profitability of these farms? What pig production model will be able to answer the society's requests, remaining profitable and ensuring life and working conditions that employees and breeders expect?

Cette conférence, donnée à l'invitation de la Fédération des éleveurs de porcs du Québec, porte sur la situation économique du secteur porcin européen. Elle aborde successivement quatre points : L'économie porcine mondiale et la place de l'Union européenne ; le secteur porcin à l'échelle agrégée de l'UE ; le secteur porcin dans les Etats membres de l'UE ; le secteur porcin en France. Il s'agit notamment de mettre en évidence les forces et faiblesses de la filière porcine française dans un contexte d'internationalisation croissante des marchés. ; This conference, given at the invitation of the Quebec Federation of Pig Breeders, deals with the economic situation of the European pig sector. It addresses four issues: the global pig economy and the place of the European Union; The pig sector at the EU aggregate level; The pig sector in the EU Member States; The pig sector in France. This involves highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the French pork industry in a context of increasing internationalization of markets.