Suchergebnisse

1. Polygraph history -- 2. Instrumentation -- 3. Question formulation -- 4. Psychophysiology -- 5. Technique development -- 6. Pre-employment polygraph testing -- 7. Community safety testing -- 8. Special cases -- 9. Data analysis -- 10. Report writing -- 11. Polygraph and the law -- 12. Ethics and standards -- 13. Research -- 14. Case review -- 15. Future.

Artykuł przedstawia historię i aktualny stan badań poligraficznych w Rosji przeprowadzanych zarówno przez służby w ramach rekrutacji kandydatów bądź w okresie późniejszym, jak i w sektorze prywatnym. W artykule zaprezentowano w zarysie sylwetki osób najbardziej wpływowych w środowisku rosyjskich poligraferów oraz ich powiązania ze służbami specjalnymi Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich, a następnie Federacji Rosyjskiej.

Polygraph examinations in Russia

The article presents the history and current status of polygraph examinations in Russia carried out both by the services as part of the recruitment of candidates or thereafter, and in the private sector. The article outlines profiles of the most influential people in the Russian polygraph community and their ties to the special services of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and then the Russian Federation.

"In the Soviet Union, scholarly disputes over polygraph were substituted by political ones. Th e main opponent of polygraph detection in criminal justice was the then prosecutor general of USSR, A. Vyshynskyi who considered them an "unscientifi c underhandedness of bourgeois proceedings", a return to the Inquisition, etc.[2] Due to such dominant ideological position in the state, polygraph research was suspended for decades."(.)

Front Matter -- Contents -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- 1 Lie Detection and the Polygraph -- 2 Validity and Its Measurement -- 3 The Scientific Basis for Polygraph Testing -- 4 Evidence from Polygraph Research: Qualitative Assessment -- 5 Evidence from Polygraph Research: Quantitative Assessment -- 6 Alternative Techniques and Technologies -- 7 Uses of Polygraph Tests -- 8 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Appendix A Polygraph Questioning Techniques -- Appendix B Use of Polygraph Screening in the U.S. Department of Energy and Other Federal Agencies -- Appendix C The Wen Ho Lee Case and the Polygraph -- Appendix D Physiological Processes Measured by the Polygraph -- Appendix E Historical Notes on the Modern Polygraph -- Appendix F Computerized Scoring of Polygraph Data -- Appendix G Process for Systematic Review of Polygraph Validation Studies -- Appendix H Quantitative Assessment of Polygraph Test Accuracy -- Appendix I False Positive Index Values for Polygraph Testing -- Appendix J Decision Analysis of Polygraph Security Screening -- Appendix K Combining Information Sources in Medical Diagnosis and Security Screening -- Appendix L Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff -- Index.

The Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 was enacted to protect private individuals from unjust termination or denial of job opportunities resulting from unwarranted polygraph tests. The Act, however, allows private employers to continue using polygraphs as part of "ongoing investigations" of employee misconduct. This Comment examines the ambiguous language of this exemption that courts will encounter when determining whether employers have violated the Act. The Comment proposes that, unless legislative history or federal regulations indicate otherwise, ambiguities in the specific incident exemption should be broadly construed to avoid employer liability.

"Polygraph screening has proved its highest utility for the United States Secret Service, which has used the polygraph to a very significant extent. The existence of the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute (DoDPI) – a separate unit dealing only with polygraph testing – serves as evidence of this fact. This Institute prepares an annual report of its activity to the US Congress (Matte, 1998)."(.)

The polygraph in Ukraine is being rapidly introduced in public and commercial structures, banks, prominent companies, law enforcement agencies. Even spouses are ready to test each other for fidelity relying on a polygraph, as was once the case in the United States and in some respects in Europe. Availability to call oneself a polygrapher, within a relatively short period of time, usually 14 to 21 days, is equal to the availability to be examined by such a specialist with a polygraph. For this reason, there are numerous myths and misconceptions regarding polygraph examinations floating around, influenced by the media, movies, TV shows, TV series, books, exposed authorities, etc. This article explores essential aspects of polygraph testing, covering tasks it addresses, examination modalities, techniques, eligibility criteria, restrictions on testing, procedural details, trust in results, reliability conditions, examiner qualifications, and the non-scientific nature of polygraphology.