Suchergebnisse

Artikel ini menyajikan pendekatan alternatif untuk interpretasi dan estimasi parameter-parameter politik dalam membuat kebijaksanaan pemerintah. Peranan faktor politik dalam pembuatan kebijaksanaan ini diilustrasikan dalam Fungsi Preferensi Politik (PPF), yang menyatakan bahwa hasil kebijakan merupakan hasil perpaduan antara pasar politik dan pasar ekonomi. Selanjutnya, dalam pembuatan kebijaksanaan tersebut ada proses tawar-menawar antara pemerintah dan kelompok-kelompok masyarakat, atau antara kelompok-kelompok masyarakat itu sendiri yang berujung pada kondisi kesepakatan bersama atau posisi ekuilibrium. Proses tawar-menawar ini dapat dievaluasi dengan menerapkan teori permainan kooperatif Beberapa model permainan yang diuraikan dalam tulisan ini memberikan interpretasi bobot politik yang berbeda dalam proses pembuatan kebijaksanaan.

Since the 1990s, Spain has had to face an immigration phenomenon until then unknown. This is the immigration of unaccompanied foreign minors. This newest category of immigrants has specific characteristics compared to displacement of adults. Mainly, they are children who arrive to Spain without the company of their parents or legal guardian. After recognizing this situation, it is interesting to verify the national and international legal treatment granted, considering also the medical tests performed to verify age, resulting in one of the main problems affectingall their legal treatment.

This article considers the potential contribution of the New Public Management (NPM) to address a number of World Bank suggestions dealing with political accountability improving the management of the public sector. Previously, (deLeon and Green, 2001) we posed a similar set of questions, but were only able to address them through examples drawn from the American political system. The argument was made that an examination of United States incidents of political corruption would at least test the theory that modernity ameliorates political corruption. We now cast a somewhat wider net, looking at other developed nations as well as the US, to ask the central question: what effects would NPM have on the incidents of political corruption across a number of nations?

Part 1: Society, Social Responsibility, Ethics and ICT ; International audience ; The concept of innovation is making a successful comeback in philosophy, particularly with the qualifier "responsible" attached. This attachment of the qualification "responsible" reflects the idea that the concept of innovation has to be opened to new considerations, namely social, political and ethical concerns. Since the 18th century, innovation has been the object of economics and science of business and growth. This paper aims at testing the legitimacy of these attempts to open the concept and redefine it in terms other than those of economics. We start with a contextualization of the use of the term innovation, to see why it has been so strongly associated with the market, growth and business then we see what is at stake in opening it up to other considerations. We consider the limits of this opening and look at possible ways to attach other meanings to the concept, without losing significance by too much inclusion. The solution proposed is that instead of imposing new parameters and trying to shift the concept, we could keep the economic bias of the term, but challenge it with concerns expressed by people coming from the field of economics who are trying to propose an alternative framework for economics that would take into account other concerns, and in which responsible innovation could find a place.

The newest trends in the development of political parties and their ideologies have caused the emergence of a set of new concepts, such as catch-all parties, electoral-professional parties, cartel parties, firm parties, and parties in power. These concepts are focused on the functions a party performs, and not on the discursive considerations, so, they do not encompass the entire spectrum. For instance, populist and regionalist parties are hard to localize in the given models. On the other hand, such discursive concepts as "niche" parties or "horseshoe" spectrum, as well as the widespread Hans Eysenck's "political compass", suggest their own ways to typologize party phenomena. They complement each other but do not form a coherent matrix integrating all the significant elements of party discourses. Intentionally leaving structural-functionalist classifications aside, the authors propose to synthesize the established discursive typologies with some newly-emerged parameters and to localize party actors along such axes as economic agenda (conventionally, right or left), political agenda (conventionally, right or left), the scope of discourse (from "niche" to "catch-all") and the salience of identity aspects. The latter should be combined with the indication of the loyalty level: ethnic/regional, national, or civilizational. The scope of discourse is found as a result of thematic analysis of party programs/manifestos and the identification of the presence and quantity of significant thematic blocs: economy, security/internal affairs, foreign affairs, education/culture, values/rights. The final matrix is illustrated in the example of the Belgian party system based on expert scaling. The Belgian case is chosen because the Belgian party system contains the entire ideological spectrum inherent in Western Europe and is relatively stable. While proposing the employment of qualitative methods, such as thematic analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and expert scaling, the authors think that it is possible and desirable to further develop the parameters by applying quantitative methods.

The article is devoted to the issue of the modern democracy. The key parameters of democratic choice of Ukrainian society are analyzed such as: possibilities of сo-development democracy as form of spiritual intercourse and as form of effective government; potential of this form of management for development of competitiveness of society in a modern world. Scientific interest is directed on the study of base points of democratic development. The problem of political engineering in the information age is considered. It is determined that political engineering is a system of management techniques and technologies, which in strategic and tactical terms is aimed at creative and effective social design and construction.

Effective political engineering is a condition for overcoming destructive phenomena, the most important of which is the excessive growth of the phenomenon of randomness in political development. The article is devoted to the specifics of the explication of the concept of value (axiological) meanings in the information age. The content of axiological guidelines, which are a priority for political adaptation of both society and the political regime, is analyzed. The negativism of the tendency to prioritize technology over axiology in the spiritual and practical mastery of the world by man is noted. The challenges of modernity reflect on the understanding of democracy: procedural aspects prevail over substantive ones. The aggravation of contradictions in the orbit of such more important axiological meanings as stability, democracy, and freedom is logical.

It is emphasized that the important risks of the information age are due to the use of axiological meanings of political entertainment, carnivalization and glamorization of the political space. The author identifies ways to overcome negative trends.

THE YEAR 1998 MARKS THE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. IN ADDITION 1998 IS THE FIRST YEAR IN WHICH THE U.S. HAS THE DUBIOUS DISTINCTION OF BEING THE PROPRIETOR OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST COLONY--PUERTO RICO. POLICIES THAT ARE EXECUTED AT ONE STAGE IN A COUNTRY'S HISTORY FREQUENTLY HAVE PROFOUND AND UNFORESEEN EFFECTS ON GOVERNMENTS AND SOCIETY YEARS DOWN THE ROAD. TO A SIGNIFICANT DEGREE, THE CURRENT DEBATE IN PUERTO RICO OVER ITS FUTURE STATUS ECHOES BACK TO THE ATTITUDES AND POLICIES IMPLEMENTED FOLLOWING THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.