Suchergebnisse

Purpose: A new 1-day intervention grounded on the inter-group contact theory was developed and implemented to reduce college students' stigma toward people with schizophrenia (PWS). We hypothesized that the stigmatizing situation could be alleviated by different levels of contact. Method: A pilot trial was conducted in Hong Kong with 41 college students participating in the intervention. Participants' perception, stigmatizing attitudes, and social distance toward PWS were measured pre-, post, and 1-month after the intervention. Results: Significant changes were found in all outcome variables with moderate to high effect sizes. Knowledge session without direct contact contributed most to participants' knowledge improvement, and higher levels of contact led to an obvious improvement in stigmatizing attitudes and social distance changes. Discussion:The current study provided evidence supporting the efficacy of the new intervention based on inter-group contact theory and practical experience for future stigma research.

Confident Body, Confident Child (CBCC) is a parenting program designed to enhance knowledge of ways to promote body appreciation and sustainable health habits in 2- to 6-year-old children. Following a randomized controlled trial in Australia, the current study explores the international applicability of CBCC with the first pilot trial in the United States. Using an uncontrolled pretest–posttest design, this study examines (a) parental knowledge, (b) weight bias internalization, and (c) body appreciation among parents before and after program participation. A total of 13 CBCC programs were conducted for parents ( n = 92 baseline; n = 40 pretest–posttest). Findings support CBCC as a means to increase parents' levels of knowledge around body image across countries and across cultures and are discussed for practice implications and future research with diverse populations.

Purpose: This systematic survey evaluates the completeness of reporting in pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trials investigating behavioral interventions based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension for pilot trials. Methods: The authors searched Medline/Pubmed and randomly selected 100 articles from 2012 through 2016 to determine the proportion of reported CONSORT extension items. They examined study factors related to reporting, including year and country of publication, psychotherapy intervention, multiple centers, industry funding, and journal endorsement of CONSORT. Results: The authors found that the mean reporting score on the CONSORT extension was 51.6% ( SD = 15.1). Studies of psychotherapy interventions had significantly higher reporting scores than other interventions (incidence rate ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.20). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that current reporting quality is suboptimal. Many included trials failed to provide rationale for piloting, assess feasibility objectives, or indicate clear progression to a future large trial. Reporting quality should be reevaluated following uptake of the 2016 CONSORT extension for pilot trials.

Nurse-led counseling centers (NLCCs) have been established in 'Gu', a town-sized urban district in South Korea. The purpose of the NLCCs was empowering residents, cultivating their leadership and mobilizing community resources to prevent chronic dieases and manage their health. Clubs and health-committees were organized to fulfill the purpose. We examined its feasibility guided by the ADEPT model's four determinants such as goals, obligations, resources and opportunities. Four focus-group interviews have been conducted in October to November 2013. Participants were sixteen nurses, eight club leaders who were senior residents (private sector), and fifteen health-committee members of Gu (public sector). Nurses, club leaders and health committee members represented different perspectives toward goals of the NLCCs. Further, participants defined their roles based on their goal perceptions. Due to lack of agreements on goals and obligations, nurses felt overwhelmed and exhausted with unespected roles, while other two groups felt that they have been asked to do tasks that they were not responsible for. For the resources, participants reported that the Gu had enough to empower residents, but they felt that the resources needed to be distributed more efficiently. Among three opportunities, organizational and public opportunities increased while political one did not. The NLCCs posed potentials for empowering senior residents and communities. Establishing channels among nurses, private and public sectors was essential to increase sustainability of the NLCC.

Purpose: Support from a nonoffending caregiver can play a critical role in helping children recover from sexual abuse. However, many caregivers lack the skills to effectively support their child during the aftermath of a sexual abuse disclosure. This randomized controlled pilot trial examined a brief parenting intervention (Project Support Positive Parenting module) delivered by paraprofessionals to families waiting for intensive, trauma-focused therapy at a children's advocacy center. Methods: After a pretreatment assessment, 21 families were randomized to the intervention or a treatment-as-usual control group. Families also completed a posttreatment assessment. Results: Caregivers who received the Project Support module reported improved caregiver support and parenting self-efficacy, and their families were more likely to engage in trauma-focused therapy. Caregivers and service providers reported high levels of satisfaction with the program. Discussion: Although the results should be interpreted as preliminary, they offer promising evidence for brief parenting programs following a sexual abuse disclosure.

BACKGROUND: UK government policy aims to strengthen the role of community pharmacies in health promotion. Thus, we conducted feasibility studies for an intervention to enhance delivery of the NHS Smoking Cessation Service. METHODS: The overall aims were to assess acceptability and feasibility of conducting the intervention in community pharmacies and piloting this with a cluster randomised trial. Specific objectives were (1) to estimate likely participation rates of pharmacies and stop smoking advisors, (2) to establish the potential impact of the training intervention on throughput and retention of smokers in smoking services, (3) to establish potential impact on smoking cessation outcomes, (4) to optimise logistics for conducting a cluster randomised trial in the next phase of the research programme and (5) to consider the feasibility of collecting pharmacy and service user data. In this cluster randomised parallel group pilot trial, 12 community pharmacies in East London were allocated to intervention or usual practice using simple randomisation (allocation ratio 2:1). Data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS: Twelve of 54 (22.2%, 95% CI 12.0% to 35.6%) pharmacies and 20 of 23 (87.0%, 95% CI 66.4% to 97.2%) advisors invited, agreed to participate. Over 5 months, 302 smokers in intervention pharmacies (mean per pharmacy 43.1, 95% CI: -4.3 to 90.5) and 319 in usual practice pharmacies (mean per pharmacy 79.8, 95% CI: 19.0 to 140.5) joined the service. 51 of 621 smokers (6.3% in intervention vs 10.0% in usual practice) consented to provide additional data on smoking cessation. 17 of 19 smokers that consented were retained at 4 weeks in intervention arm (89.5%, 95% CI: 66.9% to 98.7%) and 24 of 32 in usual practice (75.0%, 95% CI: 56.6% to 88.5%). 10 of 19 in the intervention arm (52.6%, 95% CI: 28.9% to 75.6%) stopped smoking compared to 7 of 32 in usual practice arm (21.9%, 95% CI: 9.3% to 40.0%). The pilot was useful in providing insights on how best to conduct the definitive trial and shortcomings of our present logistical arrangements, including feasibility of collecting pharmacy and service user data. CONCLUSIONS: Recruitment rates show that the main trial is feasible, and the results suggest that the intervention may improve retention and quit rates in smoking cessation services. We gained insights on how best to conduct the definitive trial which will proceed as planned.

This research was partially funded by the Andalusian Knowledge Agency (projects A-TIC-241-UGR18 and B-TIC-568-UGR20), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project PID2019-108713RB-C53), the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation (project TSI-063000-2021-28) and the Spanish Ministry of Universities (FPU Grant Number: 20/02621). ; This article proposes a system based on a long-distance communications system with low economic and energy costs that allows connectivity to be carried out independently from the existing cellular coverage in the area. In addition, it describes the design, development, implementation and analysis of an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture based on Long-RangeWide-Area Network (LoRaWAN). Moreover, the system has been deployed as a prototype, and the behavior and scope of the system have been analyzed in various real environments: urban, rural and natural. The results obtained from the analysis show that the system is suitable for working in areas without coverage such as mountains. ; Andalusian Knowledge Agency A-TIC-241-UGR18 B-TIC-568-UGR20 ; Spanish Government PID2019-108713RB-C53 ; Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation TSI-063000-2021-28 ; Spanish Ministry of Universities (FPU) 20/02621