Suchergebnisse

Das Raumordnungsverfahren ist in der Praxis ein wertvolles landesplanerisches Abstimmungsinstrument zur Lösung von überörtlich raumbedeutsamen Nutzungskonflikten. Das konkrete Praxisbeispiel einer geplanten Freiflächen-Photovoltaikanlage in Oberbayern zeigt, dass das Raumordnungsverfahren als vorhabenbezogenes Instrument der Raumordnung eine räumliche Vorsorgefunktion für eine klimaverträgliche Energieversorgung übernehmen und somit ein Beispiel für proaktiven Klimaschutz sein kann; die Raumordnung mit ihren informellen und formellen Instrumenten wichtige Beiträge zu einer räumlichen Gesamtstrategie zur Bewältigung des Klimawandels "Minderung des Energieverbrauchs, Erhöhung der Energieeffizienz und Reduzierung des CO2-Ausstoßes" leisten kann; das Raumordnungsverfahren als "Vorverfahren" zu daran anschließenden Zulassungsverfahren Nutzungskonflikte in einer frühen Phase aufzeigt und Planungsoptimierungen ermöglicht.

Indonesia is a tropical country that has abundant renewable energy such as geothermal, tidal, wind, solar, and biomass energy because it is located at equator. However, most power plants in Indonesia are still dependent on fossil fuels to generate electricity. Today, Indonesia has made a treaty with other countries to use renewable energy not only to decrease the pollution but also to increase the demand electricity on remote islands. This allows inhabitants to use the electricity anytime they want. This report presents the investigation of the development of photovoltaic system in Indonesia by discussing the general operation of photovoltaic system, the solar projects installed in Indonesia, and the impacts of photovoltaic system. At the end, photovoltaic system can bring benefits to Indonesia in terms of social and environment aspects. The schedule of installation of the system is entirely dependent on the budget of the Indonesian government. ; Applied Science, Faculty of ; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of ; Unreviewed ; Undergraduate

In Spain, regulations for Self-Consumption installations have been recently approved. However, regulations for Net Metering installations are still under discussion. The target of this study is to discuss different options for Net Metering implementation which are not defined yet. Also, an approach to new criteria for sizing this kind of installations will be done from different points of view: technical and economic. Different cases have been studied: the regulatory frame which was drafted by the former government (but not approved yet) and other proposals amending the mentioned draft that are being issued by other entities as National Energy Commission of Spain, Photovoltaic Producers Association, etc. The results let us conclude that the regulations which are drafted now will not permit the optimal performance of Net Metering installations neither from energy point of view nor economic point of view. It should be necessary to change the regulation draft just to reach the optimal performance of Net Metering installations. ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

As the largest energy consuming country, China is facing environmental deterioration, which results from the overuse of non-renewable conventional energy such as coal. Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, an unlimited and clean energy with minimal impacts on the environment, is considered to be a good alternative to alleviate this severe issue. A survey was designed and conducted among residents in some major cities. Based on the first hand data, basic statistical methods were utilized to examine Chinese residents' knowledge of, concerns, and attitudes towards PV adoption. The research aims to identify the drivers and dynamics that most encourage customers to install solar PV systems in their residential buildings. The significant recommendations from the data include cost reduction, practical government incentives, lowering the percentage of fossil fuel usage, and education to increase awareness of solar PV systems.

Taking as a study case a Photovoltaic (PV) System installed in the Development and Innovation Center of Schneider Electric a whole study was realized. The main objective was to analyze the operation of a PV system in the Mexican Electricity Market and develop tools that can make easier to evaluate the performance of the installation. It produces less than 0.5 MW, in the current regulation is consider as Distributed Generation (DG). This kind of Power Plants (PP) can be interconnected to the grid and the owner has three contract options: Net Metering, Net Billing and Total Sale of Energy. In this case the better is Net Metering because the building consumes all the energy produced, but by having a contract with a supplier this field could earn Clean Energy Certificates (CEL). Three tools were developed to evaluate the economic and technical performance. The first tool is to graph the downloaded data acquired by the monitoring system. That daily data cannot be graph as detailed by the inverter's provided interface after a day as if the user downloads the information. The second tool is required to find the greatest values of Irradiance, Temperature or Power in a month. When this tool is feed with the files of the month, each file will be paste in a new Excel workbook's sheet, but in the first sheet the user, has a recapitulation per day of the greatest values. With all this ordered information could be prepare a generation profile of the area, and that stats can be used in future investment decision and forecasting. Finally, the third tool is dedicated to calculated financial indicators such as Payback and IRR. Some scenarios were studied and after applying some stimulus offered by the government that are reflected in the taxes payment, better results were obtained. With this tool is possible run scenarios and evaluate the profitability of new investments.

As the world's largest energy consuming country, China is facing environmental deterioration, which results from the overuse of non-renewable conventional energy such as coal. Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, an unlimited and clean energy with minimal impacts on the environment, is considered a good alternative to alleviate this severe issue. A survey was designed and conducted among residents in some major cities in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Nanchang, and Guangdong. Based on the first-hand data, basic statistical methods were utilized to examine Chinese urban residents' knowledge, concerns, and attitudes about solar PV adoption. The research aimed to identify the drivers and dynamics that most encourage customers to install solar PV systems in their residential buildings. The data suggest that the factors that could increase solar PV adoption are (a) reduced costs, (b) practical government incentives, (c) desire to reduce fossil fuel usage, and (d) education to increase awareness of solar PV systems. This research empirically assesses the impacts of the adoption of solar PV systems on various socio-economic groups.