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With a focus on phenomenological methods, this new edition of Shaun Gallaghers highly regarded textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to phenomenology considered as a philosophical and interdisciplinary practice. Phenomenology 2e encompasses both the classic 20th century explications of phenomenology as well as recent developments in the practical and scientific uses of phenomenology. Key features: Explores debates about naturalizing phenomenology and reviews recent extensions of phenomenological methodology. Relates the phenomenological analysis of intentionality to discussions of enactive perception. Includes a discussion of the phenomenology of performance and a new chapter on critical phenomenology. Examines specialized topics in phenomenology, including Husserls concept of hyletic data, embodiment, time-consciousness, action, intersubjectivity and self-consciousness. Each chapter concludes with suggestions for further reading. This book is essential reading for all undergraduate and graduate philosophy students taking courses in phenomenology. It is also ideal for use on cognitive science modules that incorporate a phenomenological perspective. Shaun Gallagher, PhD, Hon DPhil., is the Lillian and Morrie Moss Professor of Excellence in Philosophy at the University of Memphis, and Professorial Fellow at the University of Wollongong. He has held Honorary Professorships at Copenhagen, Durham, and Troms, visiting positions at Cambridge, Lyon, Paris, Berlin, Oxford and Rome and was Humboldt Foundation Anneliese Maier Research Fellow (2012-18).

1 What Is Phenomenology? -- 1.1 Phenomenologies -- 1.2 Historical Background and Foreground -- 1.3 Death and Reincarnation -- 1.4 A Different Phenomenology -- 1.5 Further Reading -- References -- 2 Naturalism, Transcendentalism, and a New Naturalizing -- 2.1 Mathematics and Psychology -- 2.2 Naturalistic and Transcendental Accounts -- 2.3 The Lifeworld -- 2.4 Turning the Tables -- 2.5 The New Naturalism -- 2.6 Further Reading -- References -- 3 Phenomenological Methods and some Retooling -- 3.1 The Natural Attitude -- 3.2 The epoché -- 3.3 The Phenomenological Reductions -- 3.4 Some Natural Ways of Using Phenomenology -- 3.4.1 Formalizing Phenomenology -- 3.4.2 Neurophenomenology -- 3.4.3 Front-Loaded Phenomenology -- 3.4.4 A Note on Microphenomenology -- 3.4.5 Summary -- 3.5 Retooling the Eidetic Reduction -- 3.6 Further Reading -- References -- 4 Intentionalities -- 4.1 Husserl's Theory of Intentionality -- 4.2 Noesis: Noema -- 4.3 Neo-Pragmatic Conceptions of Intentionality -- 4.4 Enactive Intentionality -- 4.5 Further Reading -- References -- 5 Embodiment and the Hyletic Dimension -- 5.1 Hyle: A Sensational Concept -- 5.2 The Critique of Husserl's Theory -- 5.3 Hyle and Quale -- 5.4 Embodiment and Hyletic Experience -- 5.5 Deepening the Enactive Interpretation -- 5.6 Further Reading -- References -- 6 Time and Time Again -- 6.1 Experiencing Time -- 6.2 Husserl's Analysis -- 6.3 The Ubiquity of Temporality -- 6.4 A Dynamical Interpretation -- 6.5 The Intrinsic Temporality of Action -- 6.6 One More Time: Primal Impression and Enactive Structure -- 6.7 Further Reading -- References -- 7 Self and First-Person Perspective -- 7.1 A Tradition of Disagreements -- 7.2 Prereflective and Minimal Aspects of Self -- 7.3 The Sense of Ownership -- 7.4 IEM -- 7.4.1 Schizophrenia -- 7.4.2 Somatoparaphrenia -- 7.4.3 Experimental Challenges to IEM -- 7.4.4 The NASA Robot Experience -- 7.5 The L-Theory of IEM and First-Person Perspective -- 7.6 One Final Challenge: Seeing Without an I -- 7.7 Further Reading -- References -- 8 Action, Performance, and Narrative -- 8.1 Action and Agency -- 8.2 A Phenomenology of Performance -- 8.3 Mindful Performance -- 8.4 An Enhanced Meshed Architecture -- 8.5 Action and Narrative -- 8.6 Further Reading -- References -- 9 Intersubjectivity and Second-Person Perspective -- 9.1 Transcendental Intersubjectivity -- 9.2 Being-With Others -- 9.3 Standard Views of Social Cognition -- 9.4 Phenomenological Approaches to Social Cognition -- 9.4.1 Developmental Studies -- 9.4.2 Behavioral and Phenomenological Evidence -- 9.4.3 Evidence from Dynamic Systems Modeling. 9.5 The Narrative Scale in Social Cognition -- 9.6 Revisiting Transcendental Intersubjectivity -- 9.7 Further Reading -- References -- 10 Critical Phenomenology -- 10.1 Social and Political Phenomenologies -- 10.2 What Is Critical Phenomenology? -- 10.3 Fanon on the Phenomenology of the Historico-Racial Body Schema -- 10.4 Throwing like a Phenomenologist -- 10.5 The Phenomenology of Incarceration -- 10.6 Critiques of Critical Phenomenology -- 10.7 Further Reading -- References.

Section One The Arena of Society -- Issues in Phenomenology and Critical Theory -- Renovating the Problem of Politics -- Structuralism Revisited: Lévi-Strauss and Diachrony -- Action, Interaction and Reflection in the Ontology of Ortega y Gasset -- Section Two The World of the Image -- The Phenomenological Approach to Poetry -- The Image/Sign Relation in Husserl and Freud -- Eidos: Universality in the Image or in the Concept? -- Section Three The Roots of Perception -- Some Reflections on Perceptual Consciousness -- Remarks on Wilfrid Sellars' Paper on Perceptual Consciousness -- Perception, Knowledge and Contemplation -- Section Four Threshold Issues -- Psychopathology and Human Evil: Toward a Theory of Differentiation -- The Phenomenology of Guilt and the Theology of Forgiveness -- "Hermeneutics," "Death of God" and "Dissolution of the Subject": A Phenomenological Appraisal -- Authentic Time -- Life, Death and Self-Deception -- List of Contributors.

Section One Dialogue with Analysis -- The Copula Supplement -- Thought, Language and Philosophy -- Grammar and Metaphysics -- Beyond the Doubt of a Shadow, with an addendum by Samuel Todes, Shadows in Knowledge: Plato's Misunderstanding of Shadows, and of Knowledge as Shadow-free -- Section Two Transcendental Themes -- Meinong the Phenomenologist -- The "Critique of Pure Reason" as Transcendental Phenomenology -- History, Phenomenology and Reflection -- Reflection on Planned Operations -- Section Three Existential Themes -- Some Perplexities in Nietzsche -- Desire, Need, and Alienation in Sartre -- The Look, the Body, and the Other -- The Significance of Merleau-Ponty's Philosophy of Language -- Notes on Contributors.

I Introduction -- II Phenomenology and the Empiricist Tradition -- III Husserl's Critique of Formal Logic -- IV Subjectivism in Phenomenology -- V Concept of Person and Subjectivity -- VI Phenomenology as Philosophy of Science -- VII Is Phenomenology Ontologically Committed? -- VIII Conclusion.

Abstract
This section includes eighty-six short original essays commissioned for the inaugural issue of TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly. Written by emerging academics, community-based writers, and senior scholars, each essay in this special issue, "Postposttranssexual: Key Concepts for a Twenty-First-Century Transgender Studies," revolves around a particular keyword or concept. Some contributions focus on a concept central to transgender studies; others describe a term of art from another discipline or interdisciplinary area and show how it might relate to transgender studies. While far from providing a complete picture of the field, these keywords begin to elucidate a conceptual vocabulary for transgender studies. Some of the submissions offer a deep and resilient resistance to the entire project of mapping the field terminologically; some reveal yet-unrealized critical potentials for the field; some take existing terms from canonical thinkers and develop the significance for transgender studies; some offer overviews of well-known methodologies and demonstrate their applicability within transgender studies; some suggest how transgender issues play out in various fields; and some map the productive tensions between trans studies and other interdisciplines.

Phenomenology is one of the most important and influential philosophical movements of the last one hundred years. It began in 1900, with the publication of a massive two-volume work, Logical Investigations, by a Czech-German mathematician, Edmund Husserl. It proceeded immediately to exert a strong influence on both philosophy and the social sciences. For example, phenomenology provided the central inspiration for the existentialist movement, as represented by such figures as Martin Heidegger in Germany and Jean-Paul Sartre in France. Subsequent intellectual currents in Europe

Since the introduction of phenomenology to Japan in the 1910's, Japan has steadily become a major international site for both original and scholarly phenomenological work. Phenomenology in Japan presents several of Japan's leading phenomenologists, studied in both the Buddhist and Western thought, who bring to bear their unique backgrounds on our rich fields of experience. These contributions converge in novel ways on the problem of `dualist', and draw on resources within the phenomenological tradition to respond to its challenges