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Phan Chau Trinh was a Vietnamese patriot from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, who made significant contributions in both practical and theoretical aspects during the struggle against oppressive domination to reform and develop the country on a new path. One of his prominent ideas was the concept of democracy, which ignited the spirit of patriotism and the self-reliant will of the Vietnamese people, enabling them to recognize the social realities of Vietnam at that time and actively contribute to the nation-building and development process. This article analyzes the fundamental concepts of 'revitalizing the people's spirit' by Phan Chau Trinh, highlighting how these ideas greatly contributed to the struggle and social construction of the Vietnamese people during a period of significant changes.

The humanistic thought of Phan Boi Chau is one of the core issues. It is a synthesis of contents: views that promote the role, status and values of people; is kindness, altruism, expressed in the love of people, race, homeland; is educational interest. All are derived from the principle are the national spirit and patriotism, with the close unity between culture and politics, between nationality and humanity; contribute to enriching and deepening the traditional humanistic spirit of the Vietnamese nation, affirming the strength of human and people of Vietnam. Awakening patriotism, encouraging, and gathering masses to stand; to fight for national independence, freedom for the country and happiness for people of Vietnam. Article visualizations:

The article analyzes the life and activity of one of the prominent figures of the national liberation movement of the Vietnamese people, the predecessor of Ho Chi Minh. Coming from the class of Vietnamese Confucians, Phan Boi Chau could have made a career as an official, but chose the path of struggle for the liberation of his homeland. He initiated the creation and became the leader of the first political parties of the anti-colonial movement. The article focuses on his ties with Japan and China, which, he believed, could help Vietnam get free from French domination, analyzes the main scientific and political treatises and articles by Phan Boi Chau, the complete collection of which (10 volumes) was published after the victory of the August Revolution and proclamation of Vietnam's independence.

AbstractA consensus on three claims has emerged in literature that explores the relationship between Confucianism and democracy: democracy is not the exclusive property of Western liberalism, Confucianism and liberalism are opposed, and democracy in East Asia would be best buttressed by Confucianism, not liberalism. Why, then, does Phan Chu Trinh (1872–1926), Vietnam's celebrated nationalist of the French colonial period, argue that liberalism and democracy are Western creations that cannot be decoupled, and, if adopted by the Vietnamese, will allow Confucianism to find its fullest expression? The answer is that Trinh ignores liberalism's individualism while celebrating other aspects of liberalism and Western civilization. Trinh's interpretation of Western ideas, although naive, is a creative one that offers political theorists a lesson: it may be useful to view foreign ideas as foreign, to interpret them generously, and to import the creative distortion to revive our own cherished, yet faltering, traditions.