Suchergebnisse

Agriculture is one of the strategic sectors to growth up the national economic. The real contribution applied in supplying food commodity, employment absorption, and also as foreign exchange sources. Rural as an epicentrum of agriculture activity should also can increase the prosperity in every citizen, but in empirical reality show the opposite condition. Up till now, Agriculture just focus on how to increasing productivity to fulfill the Market's needs without any increasing in farmer's prosperity. Increasing of productivity without any effort in increasing of farmer's prosperity being a problem that make in raising imbalance in their prosperity. So that, it's need initiative form the farmer to make them do not depend on government policy. Reconstruction of organizational essential need to be developed to make "Petani Berdikari". The strength of farmer's organization will increase the farmer's prosperity because the farmer's organization backed up all of the farmer's activity. Pertanian merupakan sector strategis untuk menumbuhkan perekonomian nasional. Kontribusi nyata teraplikasikan pada penyediaan bahan pangan, penyerapan tenaga kerja, dan juga sebagai sumber devisa Negara. Pedesaan sebagai episentrum kegiatan pertanian seharusnya bisa meningkatkan kesejahteraan setiap penduduknya, namun realita empiric menunjukkan hal yang sebaliknya. Pertanian selama ini terfokus pada bagaimana produktivitas dan pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan tanpa dibarengi dengan perhatian akan kesejahteraan petani. Tulisan ini mencoba merefleksikan bagaimana keadaan petani pedesaan. Peningkatan produktivitas yang tidak dibarengi dengan peningkatan pendapatan masyarakatnya menjadi permasalahan yang berujung pada ketimpangan kesejahteraan manusianya. Oleh karenanya diperlukan inisiatif aktif petani agar tidak berpangku tangan pada kebijakan pemerintah. Rekonstruksi esensi organisasi petani perlu diupayakan agar terwujudnya petani berdikari (berdiri di atas kaki sendiri). Kuatnya organisasi petani akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani karena organisasi petani menanungi segala aktivitas pertanian petani.

Dari era pra kolonial hingga era sekarang ini, nasib petani tidak pernah berubah. Mereka masih sekedar menjadi obyek kebijakan dari pemerintah.Mengingat peran strategis pertanian maka revitalisasi kebijakan pertanian perlu dilakukan. Kebijakan pertanian tersebut tidak sekedar berorientasi pada kebijakan kultural akan tetapi juga harus menyentuh aspek struktural. Berbagai kebijakan perlu direvisi agar lebih memberikan iklim yang kondusif bagi berkembangnya sektor pertanian. Melalui revitalisasi kebijakan pertanian tersebut diharapkan petani akan dapat lebih berdaya dan mandiri. Kata Kunci : Obyek kebijakan politik – revitalisasi kebijakan – kemandirian petani

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AbstractAlthough the Green Revolution in Indonesia has shown an increase in theagriculturalproduction, a rapid marginalisation process among the farmers has taken place simultaneously.This article aims to identify the role of Sekolah Lapang Petani (Farmer Field School), which isone of the programs conducted byPengelolaan Hama Terpadu (Integrated Pest Management,IPM). This program is conducted by the government in response to the negative impacts of theGreen Revolution that is consideredto be responsible in deteriorating the local knowledge andthe local wisdom techniques, the power of creative-innovation and the freedom of the farmers.This study was conducted in two different sites in South Sulawesi, namely: Manjalling Village(Gowa) and Soreang Village (Maros). Our informants are those who joined SLP-PHT programin the two locations. They consistof 17 farmers; 5 of them are from Manjalling, while rests arefrom Soreang. We triangulate, in-depth interview, observation, life history, and focus groupdiscussion (FGD) as our data collection methods.The results showed that the implementation of SLP-PHT program in Manjallingand Soreanghas played an important role in the application process of the local knowledge and the farmers'creative-innovative development in agricultural, such as productive, righteousness, adaptive,and environmentally friendly.Keywords: farmer field school, creativity, innovative, plant fertilizer and medicine.

AbstractAlthough the Green Revolution in Indonesia has shown an increase in theagriculturalproduction, a rapid marginalisation process among the farmers has taken place simultaneously.This article aims to identify the role of Sekolah Lapang Petani (Farmer Field School), which isone of the programs conducted byPengelolaan Hama Terpadu (Integrated Pest Management,IPM). This program is conducted by the government in response to the negative impacts of theGreen Revolution that is consideredto be responsible in deteriorating the local knowledge andthe local wisdom techniques, the power of creative-innovation and the freedom of the farmers.This study was conducted in two different sites in South Sulawesi, namely: Manjalling Village(Gowa) and Soreang Village (Maros). Our informants are those who joined SLP-PHT programin the two locations. They consistof 17 farmers; 5 of them are from Manjalling, while rests arefrom Soreang. We triangulate, in-depth interview, observation, life history, and focus groupdiscussion (FGD) as our data collection methods.The results showed that the implementation of SLP-PHT program in Manjallingand Soreanghas played an important role in the application process of the local knowledge and the farmers'creative-innovative development in agricultural, such as productive, righteousness, adaptive,and environmentally friendly.Keywords: farmer field school, creativity, innovative, plant fertilizer and medicine.

Demands towards the increase of high profits and the safety of the agricultural product have made the use of pesticide unavoidable. Regulation and government effort to prevent farmers from the dangerous use of pesticide has long been implemented but the fact is that until nowadays the use of the pesticide by farmers is far from safety standard. Both the effect of acute and chronic pesticide intoxication can create nervous system disorder and even death. Most users do not have enough knowledge about the danger of the pesticide and safety work procedure. In order to increase the quality of the farmers' health and to prevent them from the effect of acute intoxication and long term use of pesticide effect, it is necessary to develop strategies to anticipate the effect of pesticide through Total Ergonomic Approach. This approach (TEA) includes SHIP approaches (Systemic, Holistic, Interdisciplinary and Participatory) and Appropriate Technology assessment in design.Based on the anticipating strategies towards the effect of pesticide intoxication on the farmers it is hoped that in the future the use of pesticide can fulfill safety standard and increase the life quality of farmers and community in general.

This study analyzes the success of the Indonesian Farmers Union (SPI) in the peasant rights struggle during 2001 - 2016. This study uses the social movement integration aprproach which is an attempt to synthesize three dimensions / approaches: the structure of political opportunity; structure of social mobilization; and cultural framing. This study uses qualitative research methods with study case approach. The research data is sourced from interviews and documents and literature related to this study. The analysis indicates that the success of SPI in peasant rights struggles in 2001 - 2018 can be seen from the ratification of 'Declaration Peasant Rights and Other People Working in Rural Area' or UNDROP at the International level. This success can't be separated from the role of each dimension / approach, namely a combination of factors of political openness in Indonesia, the success of the SPI in networking alliances at various levels (local-international), and the construction of ideas on the rights of farmers that can be accepted universal.

Abstract : One indicator / measuring tool thatcan be used to assess farmers' welfareis Farmers Exchange Rate. This paper is part of the research result of PATANAS(Panel Petani Nasional) conducted by Indonesian Center for Agriculture SocioEconomic and Policy Analysis in Fiscal Year 2009-2012. More detail the purpose ofwriting this paper is to analyze Farmers Farmer's Exchange Rate (palm, cocoa,rubber and sugar cane) in Patanas villages. Primary data sources are farming effortsresulting from Patanas studies in 2008 and 2012 in four provinces, namely JambiProvince (representing rubber and palm oil), East Java (sugarcane), West Kalimantan(rubber and palm oil), and South Sulawesi (representing cocoa commodities).Secondary data obtained from local government related agencies. The result showsthat rubber NTP period of 2009-2012 shows positive that the price received is biggerthan the price paid, it shows that farmers are able to cover all cost components. NTPcocoa there is a decline in the exchange rate of income of 57.08%. This decline inexchange rates in line with the decline in the increase in the exchange rate of farmincome. Thus the exchange rate of cocoa farmers (NTP 100) offarm income can cover production costs so that the price received is greater than theprice paid, indicating better welfare of household life. Of course, the role of thegovernment to participate in increasing the income of farmers through the assistanceof subsidized agricultural input, provision of infrastructure; as well as policies forcontrolling household consumption expenditures (such as the provision of raskin subsidized education, health subsidies, etc.) are highly relevant in improving thewelfare of farmers. Abstrak : Salah satu indikator/alat ukur yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai tingkatkesejahteraan petani adalah Nilai Tukar Petani. Tulisan ini merupakan bagian hasilpenelitian PATANAS ( Panel Petani Nasional ) yang dilaksanakan oleh Pusat AnalisisSosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian pada Tahun Anggaran 2009–2012. Lebihdetail tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah menganalisis Nilai Tukar Petani Kebun(sawit,kakao, karet dan tebu) di desa-desa Patanas. Sumber data primer adalah usahatani yang dihasilkan dari studi Patanas tahun 2008 dan 2012 di empat propinsi, yaituProvinsi Jambi, (mewakili komoditas karet dan sawit), Jawa Timur (tebu), KalimantanBarat (komoditas karet dan sawit), dan Sulawesi Selatan (mewakili komoditas kakao).Data sekunder didapat dari instansi terkait pemerintah daerah. Hasil menunjukkanbahwa NTP karet periode 2009-2012 menunjuukan positif artinya harga yangditerima lebih besar dari pada harga yang dibayarkan, hal ini menunjukkan bahwapetani mampu untuk menutupi seluruh komponen biaya. NTP kakao terjadi penurunannilai tukar pendapatan sebesar 57,08 persen Penurunan nilai tukar ini sejalan denganpenurunan peningkatan nilai tukar pendapatan usahatani. Dengan demikian nilai tukar petani kakao ( NTP100) dari pendapatan usahatani dapat menutupibiaya produksi sehingga harga yang diterima lebih besar disbanding harga yangdibayar, menunjukkan kesejahteraan hidup rumahtangga yang lebih baik. Tentunyaperan pemerintah turut serta untuk peningkatan pendapatan petani melalui bantuansubidi saprodi, penyediaan infrastruktur; serta kebijakan untuk pengendalianpengeluaran konsumsi rumahtangga (seperti pemberian raskin, subsidi pendidikan,subsidi kesehatan, dan lainnya) dinilai sangat relevan dalam perbaikan kesejahteraanpetani.

The life of a farmer is very different due to the implementation of the mining policy. The purposes of this research were to know the actual condition of the community life of farmers in the ring area of the mine in District of Bahodopi and to analyze the impact of nickel mining and recommending policy management systems of natural resources that benefit the community of farmers. This approach used a descriptive qualitative approach by observation method with participation, in depth interviews, and documentation. For the data analysis stage of this research, namely data collection by specifying the informant throughpurposive sampling and continued with the reduction of the data by the method of presentation of data, and then snowball and the withdrawal of the conclusion. The results showed nickel mining has positive and negative impacts such as providing employment opportunities and business opportunities; food stalls, souvenir supplies business and housing, the conflict between farmers and companies that are triggered by a mudflow that cascaded into the farmland residents resulting in agricultural output that shrank, the majority of agricultural land is converted into mining areas so that the resulting loss of land as a sourceof intergenerational life, mining does not guarantee social welfare economic community of farmers. For farmers the presence of mine was certain will make an impact long term disaster. The Government should evaluate or review the return policy that has been applied as well as the effects of the current mining management, especially in matters related to agriculture or farmer's life.Keywords: farmers; policy; the response; meaning.

Soybean is one of food crops in order that become attention from the government because the request of the soybean as a raw material keep rising throughout the day. Seeing this condition the government introduced a program to increase soybean production. The Jatiwaras Village, Jatiwaras Sub District, Tasikmalaya District become one of the center of soybean development. This study attempts to analyzed levels of prosperity and poverty in soybean farmers at the Village of Jatiwaras. The research uses exchange farmers rate and exchange household income. The results of research to analyses the prosperity of soybean farmers in the Jatiwaras Village using NTP and NTPRP shows that the prosperity of farmers were still low at category value of NTP is 61,18 and value of NTPRP is 0,62 it is because that the income the receive from soybean farming is not able to satisfy the needs of households soybean farmers.

This research focuses on the ideal leader for farmers in Randuagung Village, Lumajang Regency, East Java. With the background of the life of farmers with a relatively heavy burden of life financially or economically, it makes farmers seem unable to escape from matters relating to politics. The position of farmers suddenly became very influential in the efforts of political figures to find support to realize their interests. Seeing this, the responses of the farmers also varied. Some immediately believe in one of the figures and those who choose based on specific considerations. These considerations certainly include the influence of wealthy farmers, advice from religious leaders, namely the Kyai, and political figures in the presence of 'sangu.' Using Rational Choice theory from James S. Coleman explains the rational choice of farmers in choosing the ideal leader. The research method in this paper is qualitative. Keywords : Farmer, Rational, Leader, Ideal, Village. Penelitian ini berfokus pada sosok pemimpin ideal bagi para petani di desa Randuagung, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur. Dilatarbelakangi oleh kehidupan petani dengan beban hidup yang lumayan berat secara finansial atau ekonominya, menjadikan petani seakan tidak bisa lepas dengan hal yang berkaitan dengan politik. Posisi petani mendadak menjadi sangat berpengaruh dalam upaya para tokoh politik untuk mencari dukungan demi mewujudkan kepentingan mereka. Melihat hal ini respon para petani pun bermacam-macam. Ada yang langsung percaya pada salah seorang tokoh dan adapula yang memilih berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan tertentu. Pertimbangan tersebut tentu meliputi pengaruh dari petani kaya, saran dari tokoh agama yaitu Kyai, dan tokoh politik dengan adanya 'sangu'. Dengan menggunakan teori Pilihan Rasional dari James S. Coleman yang menjelaskan tentang pilihan rasional petani dalam memilih sosok pemimpin yang ideal. Metode penelitian dalam tulisan ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Kata kunci: Petani, Rasional, Pemimpin, Ideal, Desa

Peasant movement take different form from time to time. The recent one have been strongly manifest in their struggle to encounter state's policies. In so doing, they equipt themselves with capacity to manage their autonomy, improve their access to government institutions, and making use of public sphere. The case of SeTAM shows that the peasants ara capable of presenting as an element of civil society.

This study emphasizes about Indonesian agricultural protection in international trade. This issue became prominent after the surge of imported products especially a decade after Indonesia followed what is instructed by IMF to liberalize international trade in most of commodities. The argument of tis studi is whether government execute the policy of agricultural protection in political economy perspective, considering that government not only needs to follow international tradeade regulation, but also require to protect any infant indistry with lack of technolog such as agriculture sector. This article focused in three main things: (1) protection of agricultural commodity is indeed difficult (2) the policy seemed make it it more complicated, (3) policy is about whose interest counts. Rice commodity is used to simplify the explanation with a brief comparation with other few commodities.

Bali still has big potency to develop of fruits horticulture through the effortintensification. This matter is supported by: (i) availability of dry land of 126.487 ha can becultivated intensively, availability of rice field of 87.765 ha can be cultivated for horticulturerotating, high land fertility and specific, agroclimate suited for development varioushorticulture crop type, (ii) Bali has potency of human resources and labor abundant; (iii) Balihas social capital in the form of experience of farmer in farming and system social of Balipeople easy to make group as diffusion media for innovation and technology, and (iv)Indonesia generally and Bali specially have four excess of nature which not have by mostdeveloped nations that is, length and intensity of irradiation, favourable temperature, freetyphoon, and rainfall which enough.To developt the small businessman horticulture, so strategy able to do better throughthree step those are: (i) redistribution of main production asset like the agriculture land, can inthe form of transfer of ownership or in the form of institutional arrangement which giveopportunity to land poor farmer; (ii) increase the agriculture land productivity, pass change oftechnology and innovation, policy of economics and improve of institutional system, and (iii)investment in human resources through training and education purpose increase theknowledge and skill of horticulture farmer and agriculture government officer.To reach the high competitiveness of Bali horticulture products specially andIndonesia generally is by applying concept of agribusiness system, that is integratingsubsystem of production with upstream and downstream agriculture industry, subsystem ofmarketing or commerce and subsystem of supporting institution. Beside that, removingconstraints of substance and organization faced by small farmer and also increasing role ofgovernment and other relevant institution in facility and to control (not to regulate)development of horticulture business.To reach success development of horticulture business in Bali specially and inIndonesia generally, please learn from successful story of Thailand agribusiness development.Successfulness of products exporting of Thailand agribusiness horticulture is result of year'shard work which involves much side, from king/queen until worker agribusiness, fromlecturer/researcher until public society, and from government/financial institution untilentrepreneur. Successful story of Thailand expected can become inspiration, lesson andconsideration for Indonesia in the plan and execution of horticulture agribusinessdevelopment which orientation for global market, which is finally will positive affect towardincreasing the prosperity of society in general and small businessman of horticulture specially.