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The prevalence of personality disorders is higher among suicidal adolescent inpatients (15.3% out of 163) than among nonsuicidal adolescent inpatients (8.6% out of 374). Among the personality disorders, the borderline syndromes or emotionally unstable personality disorders were more frequent in the suicidal adolescents. Limited emotional control, intolerance of frustration, and impulsiveness are important characteristics of suicidal adolescents.

Personality disorders are pathological amplifications of normal personality traits. Although the form of personality pathology largely depends on underlying traits, which are under strong genetic influence, different social structures tend to reinforce some traits and discourage others. The most important social factors in the personality disorders are those risk or protective factors that influence the process by which traits are amplified. Modernity, most particularly an increasing rate of social change, is acting as a major stressor for individuals with many types of personality structure. The mechanisms most probably involve negative effects on family functioning, as well as a diminishing availability of buffering factors in the larger community.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess suicide risk in psychiatric outpatients with specific cluster C personality disorders (avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive). A sample of 142 psychiatric outpatients was used for the study. The sample was composed of 87 outpatients meeting diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder and 53 psychiatric outpatients meeting criteria for an axis I disorder only. The results showed that dependent, but not avoidant or obsessive-compulsive, personality disorders, as well as the clusters A and B personality disorders, were significantly associated with suicide attempts. This association remained significant after controlling for both a lifetime depressive disorder and severity of depression for the cluster A and the cluster B personality disorders, but not for dependent personality disorder. The results underline the importance of assessing suicide risk in patients with cluster A and cluster B personality disorders, while the assessment of suicide risk in patients with cluster C personality disorders seems to be irrelevant as long as assessment of a comorbid depressive disorder is appropriately conducted.

There is a high level of comorbidity of personality disorders with major depression. Patients who suffer from both depression and an axis II disorder are, in general, more severely ill and ill for longer periods. The presence of personality disorders also has a negative influence on
the social functioning of depressed patients, and it has emerged that certain demographic characteristics are present to a significant extent. This article presents the results of a study of 244 out-patients suffering from major depression. The issues addressed were: Firstly, which axis II
disorders are found in this group and are there correlations with the demographic characteristics? Secondly, is there a relationship between individual axis II disorders and the severity of the depression and social functioning? It emerges that 60% of the patients with a
Hamilton score of at least 14 have one or more axis II disorders according to the VKP self-report, and that 30% have three or more, with more than 50% in cluster C. It was found also that the schizoid and borderline personality disorders in particular are significantly linked
to several demographic characteristics. The patients here are more often single and those with a lower level of education. Using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, little significant correlation was found between the presence of an axis II disorder and the severity of the depression. A
significant difference was found using the Symptom Check List -90. In social functioning, the citizen role, the social role and the family role turn out to be correlated most significantly, as are the total number of impairments. In addition, the highest correlation is found particularly in
cluster C, and the number of axis II disorders is almost always significantly related to the individual roles. The discussion turns to the influence of the measuring instruments used and to the composition of the population, as well as the clinical relevance of the diagnosis of axis II disorders
and social functioning in patients with a major depression.

AbstractThe effects of comorbid personality and Substance abuse disorders on the course and treatment of individuals with dual diagnoses are reviewed.

This book explores the damaging effects of personality disorders in corporate leaders, particularly in regard to organizational variables including employee productivity, motivation, well-being, retention, and ultimately, the organization's bottom line. While helping employees recognize and understand the overt and covert characteristics of malignant narcissism, Narcissism at Work offers solutions and coping strategies vital for employees, industrial psychologists, human resource professionals, and organizational leaders in order to optimize business functions and increase employee well-being.

AbstractCurrent research reveals that Biological factors play an important role in shaping normal and disordered personality features. Judicious use of medications can facilitate the treatment of individuals with personality disorders.