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The present research sought to demonstrate the link between the way groups perceive each other's value and the quality of relations between the groups. Specifically, two studies examined how Hong Kong students and Mainland Chinese students perceived each other's value endorsements and how such perceptual accuracy related to their intergroup relations. Study 1 showed that the Mainland group (as the minority group in this setting) was more accurate in perceiving the value endorsements of the outgroup than was the Hong Kong group (as the majority group). In addition, intergroup perceptual accuracy was a function of intergroup perceptual projection, the tendency to assume that the other's feelings or reactions were similar to one's own feelings or reactions. Study 2 indicated that the perceptual accuracy of the outgroup was positively associated with the quality of social interactions with outgroup members. Implications with regard to intergroup perceptions and intergroup interactions were discussed.

The association between actual and perceptual personality similarity and perceptual accuracy on relationship satisfaction is examined in 191 couples. Self‐ and partner ratings of personality were assessed using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992) and relationship satisfaction using the Relationship Assessment Scale (S. S. Hendrick, A. Dicke, & C. Hendrick, 1998). Actual and perceptual similarity and perceptual accuracy were quantified using the index of profile agreement (R. R. McCrae, 1993) and L. J. Cronbach and G. C. Gleser's (1953) D‐indices. These indices showed large variability in personality profiles within couples and considerable perceptual accuracy between raters. Actual similarity was positively associated with female relationship satisfaction, controlling for personality traits of both partners. Moreover, partial support was obtained for the positive associations between perceptual similarity and accuracy and relationship satisfaction.

AbstractPolitical representation can be described as a process brought about via an electoral and a perceptual path. Drawing on original survey data on the perceptual accuracy of elected representatives in Belgium, Canada and Switzerland, this study explores whether and how the two paths are connected. It shows, first, that representatives who more accurately perceive voters' opinion are more likely to be re‐elected, suggesting that perceptual accuracy impacts the electoral path to representation. Second, representatives who are electorally safe hold less accurate perceptions of voters' policy preferences, meaning that the electoral path impacts the perceptual path. In all, the study provides evidence for the role of politicians' perceptual accuracy in their electoral career: voters sanction those representatives who are not sufficiently acquainted with their preferences, and representatives who fear to be voted out of office put more effort in getting acquainted with what voters want.

Nonverbal perception training was carried out with British and Japanese university students. The main aim of the training was to examine whether increasing cultural awareness in nonverbal communication styles leads to an improvement in within- and cross-cultural perceptual accuracy. The perceptual assessment was carried out using the British and Japanese Social Perception Task (BJSPT) which is based on the Interpersonal Perception Task ( IPT) (Costanzo & Archer, 1989). The results showed that the methods used in the training sessions were effective in improving cross-cultural perceptual accuracy. The British training group made more improvement in the perception of Japanese scenes than British scenes, while the Japanese training groups made more improvement on British scenes than Japanese scenes. The different skills involved in within- and cross-cultural perception are discussed in the light of the results.

Numerous studies have shown fact-checks can debunk misinformation and improve perceptions of reality surrounding a specific political issue. We examine whether fact-checks might also boost epistemic political efficacy (EPE), which is confidence in one's ability they can perceive reality surrounding political issues in general. Using a survey experiment ( N = 1,139), we find discrediting misinformation with a fact-check increases accuracy in issue perceptions and, indirectly, EPE. However, fact-checking's direct effect on EPE is negative, suggesting fact-checks generally help individuals perform an immediate cognitive task—deciding which aspects of a political issue are true—while weakening confidence in task performance.

This study examines the effects of cultural communication styles on cross-cultural perceptual accuracy. In Experiment 1, the communication accuracy of British and Japanese participants was assessed within their own cultures and compared across five interpersonal contexts: age, competition, intimacy, kinship and status. The results showed that the British were significantly more accurate on intimacy scenes while the Japanese were significantly better on age, competition and status scenes. In Experiment 2, accuracy between cultures was compared. When British and Japanese participants viewed both British and Japanese scenes, the British were more accurate in the perception of kinship and status scenes while the Japanese were more accurate on intimacy scenes. The significance of the results is discussed in light of expressivity, perceptual sensitivity and social rules.

The validity of much artistic criticism rests upon two crucial assumptions about the nature of esthetic communication. The first (Hypothesis H1) holds that objective esthetic features are accurately perceived by audience members. The second (Hypothesis H2) asserts that such perceptual veridicality does not depend upon one's degree of education or training, so that critics and audience members tend to share cognitive responses t o artistic messages and offerings. However, the empirical verification of H1 and H2 has received little attention. Indeed suitable models and methods for addressing these issues cppear to be missing. Accordingly. this article proposes a model of perceptual veridicality in esthetic communication. describes a procedure for assessing perceptual accuracy. and illustrates this approach in a study of perceptual responses to stylistic aspects of classical piano performances. Specifically. a keyboard piece by Bach is played in all 16 possible combinations of variations in 4 stylistic features: tempo, rhythm, dynamics, and phrasing. Subjects' adjectival ratings of these performances are factor analyzed into a reduced set of perceptual indices that are then submitted to multiple discriminant analysis to obtain a multidimensional perceptual space. The correlational fits of this perceptual space to the objective stylistic features support the hypotheses by indicating high overall perceptual veridicality (H1) and equivalent accuracy for expert and naive subjects (H2).

This study examines the conditions that make adolescents open to their parents' attempts at political socialization. Based on a reformulation of the perceptual accuracy argument, that parents' messages are filtered through correct perceptions of these messages by adolescents, the study suggests that adolescents who accurately recognize their parents' high political sophistication are particularly likely to attend to and be open to their parents' political communication. This proposition was tested using cluster analysis of a sample of 505 Swedish upper-secondary students and their parents (51% girls;Mage = 16.56, SD = 0.67). The analysis yielded two clusters where adolescents correctly identified (26%) and failed to correctly identify (22%) their parents' high political sophistication, and three clusters where both parents and adolescents reported low or medium parental political sophistication (10%, 11%, and 32%). In confirmation of the hypothesis, members of the cluster group of adolescents who correctly recognized their parents' high political sophistication were particularly aware of parents' political socialization attempts and receptive to parents' political communication. Moreover, these youth considered their parents' political views as important and, accordingly, seemed to perceive their parents as political role models.

The paper proposes a theory of efficient perceptual distortions, in which the statistical relation between subjective perceptions and the objective state minimizes the error of the state estimate, subject to a constraint on information processing capacity. The theory is shown to account for observed limits to the accuracy of visual perception, and then postulated to apply to perception of options in economic choice situations as well. When applied to choice between lotteries, it implies reference-dependent valuations, and predicts both risk-aversion with respect to gains and risk-seeking with respect to losses, as in the prospect theory of Kahneman and Tversky (1979).