Suchergebnisse

PurposeHigh prevalence of violence against persons with disabilities (PwDs) has prompted a steady growth of training aimed at equipping PwDs with personal safety skills. This paper aims to examine the efficacy of safety trainings for PwDs.Design/methodology/approachA search of relevant electronic databases was conducted to shortlist peer-reviewed literature on empirically evaluated safety trainings for PwDs, between January 2010 and August 2020 with the defined inclusion criteria.FindingsSix safety programmes were reviewed. Data analysis revealed key themes related to programme modifications for accessibility; fit of intervention to disability type; PwDs' learning needs; and the context of disability abuse in designing intervention pathways.Originality/valuePwDs can benefit from and contribute to safety training, if programmes are adequately modified to support their learning and participation. Future studies can target disability abuse by known persons; different disability groups; and generate longitudinal data to strengthen validity of programme efficacy.

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper was to review research studies of faecal soiling (not linked to anatomical anomalies) in people with intellectual disabilities. The research studies were identified through: (1) computerized searches of the PSYCLIT and MEDICAL EXPRESS databases for journal articles published between 1975 and 2000; and (2) a hand search of the reference lists of the articles found through the computerized process. Twenty‐one studies were reviewed: 13 dealt with the treatment of non‐retentive faecal soiling (i.e. soiling occurring in the absence of constipation); and eight were on retentive faecal soiling (i.e. soiling occurring in the presence of constipation). Treatment and follow‐up data tended to be fairly encouraging, with clear performance changes. An analysis of the results, in relation to the treatment conditions and designs of the studies, underlined several procedural and practical questions. Possible research initiatives to clarify those questions are presented.

"This series explores disability in a comprehensive, honest, and age-appropriate way. This book explores disability in the media and how people with disabilities are represented. Engaging inquiry-based sidebars encourage students to LOOK, THINK, MAKE A GUESS, ASK QUESTIONS, and CREATE. Books are authored by writers with disabilities and the series has been developed in partnership with Easterseals who is leading the way to full equity, inclusion, and access through life-changing disability and community services. Books include table of contents, glossary, index, author biography, and sidebars"-- Provided by publisher.

In recent years, a growing number of educational initiatives designed for current and future professionals have sought the active involvement of patients and users. Recent reviews have explored different aspects of these initiatives. However, they do not distinguish between the involvement of people with disabilities and that of other users. This review describes the main features of educational initiatives in the fields of education, health and social sciences that actively seek the involvement of people with disabilities. Our systematic approach identified 20 projects. We analyzed their nature, the actors involved, and their documented outcomes. This review shows that to improve professional practice and the quality of services given to people with disabilities, it is important to seek their active participation in educational initiatives targeting learners from a range of disciplines and to use a diversity of teaching strategies. Recommendations to consider when implementing such initiatives are also discussed.

Abstract
This article aims to review the scientific production on social interventions (SI) in the field of persons with disabilities (PWD) and their families and to analyze its evaluations. To do so, it starts from the context of the social model of care of the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the sustainable development goals, and the evaluation of SI. The methodology proposes a systematic review of the existing literature on SI with PWD and their evaluation, based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (or PRISMA) model, including 19 articles. The results highlight issues such as the scarcity of publications with evaluations, the lack of homogeneity in the evaluation indicators used, the large number of interventions related to intellectual disability, and a large proportion of community interventions. This scoping review assists future research to consider different questions about evaluation indicators and implementation of the social model or social inclusion, among others.

While recognizing the difficulties of such an endeavor, an examination fo the politics of attendant care for the physically handicapped calls for an alliance between union activists & those who organize personal assistance services & consumers as a way to improve care for people with disabilities. A historical review of the disabilities rights movement is provided before exploring how the social model of disablement & the independent living movement have deeply influenced the demands for attendant care services; attention is given to the politics surrounding the thus far not enacted Medicaid Community-Based Attendant Services and Support Act. Problems hampering coalition building between disability rights activists as well as for advocates for the rights of attendants are outlined. D. Edelman

In recent years, an increase in the number of volunteers and volunteer programs has been recorded in Russia. The purpose of the article is to explore the potential for participation of people with disabilities in volunteering practices. The empirical basis of the study is interviews with people with disabilities who have had experience as volunteers. We studied the motivation of volunteers with disabilities and the significance of volunteering for this category of people. The article highlights the benefits provided to organizations that recruit people with disabilities as volunteers, as well as the difficulties that these organizations may face. The relevance of studying the experience of participation of people with disabilities in volunteering practices is due to the fact that volunteering for people with disabilities can be considered not only as a means of rehabilitation and a way of acquiring skills for subsequent employment, but also as an opportunity to provide all possible assistance to others in need, thereby changing paradigm on disability.


English version of the article on pp. 396-401 is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/volunteering-performed-by-people-with-reduced-capabilities/71486.html

During armed conflict, people with disabilities are victims of a vicious cycle of violence, social polarization, deteriorating services and deepening poverty. They are among the most marginalized and excluded part of the population affected by the armed conflict. They are at greater risk in situations of conflict, most likely to be left behind when populations flee and also at greater risk of violence and discrimination. The international normative framework related to people with disabilities in armed conflicts is mainly based on human rights law and international humanitarian law. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities moves the meaning of disability from regarding persons with disabilities as objects of medical care and charity to recognizing them as subjects with rights. There is still a long way to go in effectively protecting disabled people during armed conflicts. It seems that legal norms in this respect are sufficiently precise. But as often happens, the executive fails. The international community has a highly developed sense of solidarity and empathy for those in need. However, we are constantly observing many imperfections and shortcomings in the procedures and mechanisms of humanitarian aid operations. ; mbuczko@pwsip.edu.pl ; PhD, Lecturer, at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences (Poland). ; Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Poland ; Advisory opinion of ICJ, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, ICJ Reports par 70. (1996 July 8). ; Aust, A. (1986). The Theory and Practice of International Instruments. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 35(4), 787-812. ; Baxter, R. (1980). International law in "Her Infinite Variety". International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 29, 549-566. ; Bierzanek, R. (1987). Miękkie prawo międzynarodowe [International Soft Law]. Sprawy międzynarodowe, 1, 91-106. ; Bothe, M. (1980). Legal and NonLegal norms: A Meaningful Distinction in International Relations?, Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 11, 65-95. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0167676800002725. ; Bouvier A., & Dutli, M.T. (1996). Children In Armed Conflict. The International Journal of Children's Rights, 4(2), 115-212. ; Chinkin, Ch. (1988-1989). General Perspective to the International Use of Force. Australian Yearbook of International Law, 12, 279-293. ; Cohn J., & Goodwin-Gill, G. (1994). Child Soldiers. The Role of Children In Armed Conflicts, A Study on Behalf of the Henry Dunant. Institute. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ; CRDP. Statement on disability inclusion for the World Humanitarian Summit - Adopted at the CRPD 14th Session (17 August-4 September 2015). Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDStatements.aspx [accessed on 12.09.2019]. ; Delissen, A.J.M. (1991). Legal Protection of Child-Combatant after the Protocols: Reaffirmation, Development or a Step Backwords In: A.J.M. Delissen & G.J. Tan (Eds.), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead; Essays in Honour of F. Kalshoven (pp. 153-164). Dordrecht, Netherlands; Boston, Mass., M. Nijhoff: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ; Devandas, C., Barriga, S., & Quinn, G. (2017). Ochrona osób cywilnych z niesprawnościami w warunkach konfliktu [Protection of civilians with disabilities during armed conflict]. Przegląd NATO [NATO Review]. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2017/Also-in-2017/Protecting-civilians-with-disabilities-in-conflicts/PL/index.htm [accessed on 12.09.2019]. ; Gardam, J. (1998). Women, human rights and international humanitarian law. International Review of the Red Cross, 324, 421-432. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020860400091221. ; Gold, J. (1983). Strengthening the Soft International Law of Exchange Agreements. American Journal of International Law, 77, 443-489. https://doi.org/10.2307/2201074. ; Hoof, G.J.H. (1983). Rethinking the sources of international law. Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers. ; HRC. Thematic study on the rights of persons with disabilities under article 11 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, on situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies. Report of the United nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (2015, November 30) A/HRC/31/30. ; IV Konwencja genewska dotycząca ochrony ludności cywilnej [IV Geneva Convention of the protection of civilian population], 1949, August 12 (Journal of Laws of 1956, no. 38, item 179). ; Klabbers, J. (1996). The Concept of Treaty of International Law. The Hague, London, Boston: Kluwer Law International. ; Konwencja o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych [Convention on the rights of disabled people, 2006, December 13 (Journal of Laws of 2012, item 1169). ; Lachs, M. (1963). Współczesne organizacje międzynarodowe i rozwój prawa międzynarodowego [Contemporary International organizations and the development of international law]. Państwo i Prawo, 12, 823-830. ; Morris, M. (1996). By Force of Arms: Rape, War and Military Culture. Duke Law Journal, 45(4), 651-781. https://doi.org/10.2307/1372997. ; Protokół dodatkowy I do konwencji genewskich z 12 sierpnia 1949 r. dotyczący ochrony ofiar międzynarodowych konfliktów zbrojnych, podpisany w Genewie 12 grudnia 1977 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, Protocol I, 1977, June 8 (Journal of Laws of 1992, no. 4, item 175). ; Protokół dodatkowy II do konwencji genewskich z 12 sierpnia 1949 r. Dotyczący ochrony ofiar niemiedzynarodowych konfliktówn zbrojnych, podpisany w Genewie 12 grudnia 1977 [Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non International Armed Conflicts, Protocol I], 1977, June 8 (Journal of Laws of 1992, no. 4, item 175). ; Resolution of the UN Security Council (2019, June 20 ) S/RES/2475. ; Sassoli, M. (1987). The National Information Bureau in aid of the victims of armed conflicts. International Review of the Red Cross, 256, 6-24. ; Thomas, E. (2018). Children with disabilities in situations of armed conflict. Discussion paper. New York: UNICEF ; UN. Security Council Unanimously Adopts Resolution 2475 (2019), Ground-Breaking Text on Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Conflict. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/press/en/2019/sc13851.doc.htm [accessed on 12.09.2019]. ; UNGA. Humanitarian assistance and rehabilitation for El Salvador and Guatemala (2005, December 22), A/RES/60/220. ; UNGA. Humanitarian assistance and rehabilitation In Ethiopia (2005, February 8), A/RES/59/217. ; UNGA. Humanitarian assistance and rehabilitation in Ethiopia (2006, March 31), A/RES/60/218. ; UNGA. Strengthening emergency relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction and prevention in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster (2005, November 14), A/RES60/15; UNGA. Strengthening emergency relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction and prevention in Pakistan in the aftermath of the South Asian earthquake disaster (2005, November 14), A/RES/60/13. ; UNHCR. Thematic study on the rights of persons with disabilities under article 11 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, on situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies. Report of the Office of the UNHCHR, 30.11.2015, A/HCR/31/30. ; 3 ; 2 ; 43 ; 55

Background  Food preparation skills are considered very relevant for people with intellectual disabilities. This paper reviewed research studies teaching these skills through the use of pictorial instructions or systematic prompting strategies.Methods  Computerized and hard searches led to the identification of: 12 studies using pictorial instructions on cards; four studies using pictorial instructions through computers; seven studies using systematic prompting (time delay or prompted practice of incorrect task steps), and three studies combining time delay with cards.Results  The overall training outcomes were quite encouraging. Maintenance and generalization data tended to be in line with the training outcomes. The findings for the different teaching approaches were analysed in relation to the characteristics of the participants, number and complexity of the tasks available, data collection strategies as well as relevant literature on intellectual disabilities. The suitability of the teaching approaches for different types of people and environments and some relevant issues for future research were also examined.

The fight for disability rights continues, even in the wake of successful, ongoing advocacy, activism, and legislation. This valuable resource depicts how the fight has enhanced the lives of people with disabilities, and how readers can continue the efforts. Highlights of renowned activists with historical context, current events, and teen-friendly examples will help teens channel their interests, frustrations, and curiosity into effective activism. A timeline of events with safe, easy-to-implement ideas will inspire future changemakers to team up with others and change the world.

This paper reviews why an understanding of mortality data in general, and in relation to people with intellectual disabilities in particular, is an important area of concern, and introduces the papers in this Special Edition.

Very little is known about how people with learning disabilities symbolically engage with imprisonment and discursively account for it within their wider self-narratives. Although there is little published research on this, literature shows that this group are over-represented among prison populations worldwide and that their needs are simply not being met during their incarceration. My doctoral research set out to address this gap in literature by exploring how people with learning disabilities make sense of and adapt to imprisonment. Informed by prison sociology and learning disability studies, I used qualitative methods to research inclusively with people with learning disabilities while being appreciative of the challenges of researching within prison. This case study draws from my PhD fieldwork experiences to highlight some of the key methodological challenges of carrying out work of this kind. It comprises three sections: the first outlines the research design--the research background, methods, access negotiations, and ethics; the second section provides a reflection of the fieldwork process in action; and the final section offers some practical methodological tips to inform future research practice in this area.