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BackgroundThis study presents age group‐specific mortality rates and the average life expectancy of people with intellectual disabilities in Germany.MethodFor two samples from Westphalia‐Lippe and Baden‐Wuerttemberg, person‐related data for the years 2007–2009 were analysed. Age group‐specific mortality rates were estimated by exponential regression analyses.ResultsThe average life expectancy of men with intellectual disabilities was 70.9 years in Westphalia‐Lippe and 65.3 years in the Baden‐Wuerttemberg sample. Women with intellectual disabilities reached a life expectancy of 72.8 years in the Westphalian sample and 69.9 years in Baden‐Wuerttemberg. The mortality tables, the crude mortality rates and the standardized mortality rates according to the WHO standard population are reported.ConclusionComparing the results with other international studies, the trend of increasing life expectancies of people with intellectual disabilities is confirmed. People with intellectual disabilities still have a lower average life expectancy than the general population, partly due to subgroups with low life expectancies.

Unter der Schirmherrschaft von Bundespräsident Joachim Gauck entwickelt die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN) in Kooperation mit den Stiftungen Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas und Topographie des Terrors eine Wanderausstellung, die jene Opfer ins Zentrum rückt, die lange am Rande des öffentlichen Interesses und Gedenkens standen.

Although industrialized nations have long provided public protection to working-age individuals with disabilities, the form has changed over time. The impetus for change has been multi-faceted: rapid growth in program costs; greater awareness that people with impairments are able and willing to work; and increased recognition that protecting the economic security of people with disabilities might best be done by keeping them in the labor market. Here we describe the evolution of disability programs in four countries: Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. We show how growth in the receipt of publically provided disability benefits has fluctuated over time and discuss how policy choices played a role. Based on our descriptive comparative analysis we summarize shared experiences that potentially benefit policymakers in all countries.

People with dementia belong to long-life societies. As dementia affects all areas of a person's life, those affected and their relatives require support from very different areas of society. Against this background, it is important to investigate attitudes among the general population towards people with dementia. Of particular interest is how familiar the general population is with the topic of dementia, as well as perceptions of the possible support for people with dementia. Equally relevant is the extent to which people avoid contact with people with dementia in everyday life or even encounter them with fear. The study is based on data of 4.175 persons of the age of 45 to 90 years from the German Ageing Survey. Core statements: Many people are unfamiliar with dementia, while few are afraid of people with dementia. There are no significant differences in attitudes between age groups or between men and women. People with a higher educational level show a higher familiarity with dementia. A higher household income is associated with less fear and more perceived support opportunities in relation to people with dementia. However, household income is not related to willingness to provide care. Willingness to care for people with dementia is strongly related to familiarity with dementia.

Menschen mit Behinderungen haben als Zielgruppe Sozialer Arbeit in den letzten Jahren deutlich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dabei werden diese nicht länger als ''Objekte der Fürsorge'' begriffen, sondern als aktive Gestalter ihres Alltags und der Lebensplanung. Das Buch skizziert zunächst den Wandel der Leitprinzipien und der Ziele professioneller Hilfe bei Menschen mit Behinderungen. Es informiert ausführlich über die Arbeitsbereiche der Sozialen Arbeit bei Behinderung und beleuchtet die Trägerlandschaft und die strukturellen Merkmale der Behindertenhilfe. Eingegangen wird dabei auf Fragen der beruflichen Qualifikation, der gewandelten Kompetenzanforderungen und der Perspektiven der Professionalisierung von sozialpädagogischen Fachkräften. Biographische Informationen Prof. Dr. Hiltrud Loeken lehrt Soziale Arbeit und Behindertenpädagogik am Fachbereich Soziale Arbeit an der Evangelischen Hochschule Freiburg. Dr. Matthias Windisch ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter im Fachgebiet Behinderung und Inklusion am Institut für Sozialwesen der Universität Kassel.

The right of people with disabilities to participate in economic life is, inter alia, the right to employment and participation in labor relations. The policy of supporting the employment of people with disabilities refers to actions oriented at the labor market and strengthening the employment opportunities of this social category. Such a policy is aimed at the parallel use of several or even a dozen or so activation instruments. Legal instruments supporting employers of people with disabilities in 10 countries, including 8 from the EU, such as: Belgium (Brussels and the capital region), China, the Czech Republic, France, Japan, Spain, Germany (Brandenburg), Luxembourg, Slovakia and Italy were analyzed. The analysis is also enriched by the description of instruments used in other countries of the world, if they were worthy of attention. Particular emphasis was placed on showing systemic solutions that sometimes allow employment support to be different than in Poland. The analysis describes the most interesting and best functioning national systems which, in their policies, implement the principle of equal opportunities and fight against discrimination, and enable employment of a person with disabilities

In addition to describing different countries' labour market policies for people with disabilities, this study attempts to establish some initial benchmarks for comparing national policies in this respect for a number of OECD countries. The report systematically compares the countries in order to provide answers as to how they differ with respect to: (1) the target group's labour force participation and employment rate; (2) what labour market programmes are applied and to what degree; (3) to what extent the regular policy and institutional framework is used to integrate persons with disabilities into the labour market (the degree of mainstreaming). The study is based on a questionnaire to national government departments in all the OECD-countries in 1999. Of the 21 countries which are compared, Sweden, New Zealand, Germany and France have high labour market participation rates, while Spain, Ireland, Poland, Greece and Italy are all below average. Eleven countries provided sufficient information for a thorough cross-national comparison which among other things includes detailed descriptions of each country's labour market programmes and statistics on the number of participants with disabilities and disability pension recipients. Despite similar labour force participation figures in Great Britain, Australia, Finland, Norway and Austria, the latter two countries have a substantially higher proportion of people in labour market programmes. Likewise, labour force participation in New Zealand is about the same as in Sweden, despite fewer participants in programmes. The proportion of participants with disabilities in various types of programmes specially targeted for people with disabilities and general programmes are compared. In Sweden, almost half the participants with disabilities in labour market programmes are employees with long-term wage subsidies. Almost half the participants in labour market programmes in Finland and Norway are undergoing training. Labour market training is also important in English-speaking countries and so are work experience programmes and, in principle, there are no long-term wage subsidies. Both the proportion of disability pension recipients and the proportion of programme participants are limited in Australia and the United Kingdom, while both proportions are substantial in Sweden and Ireland.

'Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft' leitet als Zielperspektive das gesamte System der Rehabilitation und verändert grundlegend die Aufgaben von Politik und sozialer Dienstleistung. Das Buch führt aus soziologischer Perspektive in die allgemeinen Bedingungen der Inklusion sowie Risiken der Exklusion in der modernen Gesellschaft ein und konkretisiert diese am Beispiel der Lebenslage von Menschen mit Behinderung. Auf der Basis einer detaillierten Analyse und Kritik der wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Modelle und Konzepte zur Bearbeitung ihrer besonderen Exklusionsrisiken werden neue Ansätze einer wirksamen G

AbstractAccessible housing is essential for disabled and elderly people with physical restraints to live independently. In reality, however, there is a considerable lack of accessible housing in Germany. While investigating the reasons for this insufficient supply, this article discusses the underlying policy mix and scrutinizes German accessible housing politics. Based on 50 semi‐structured interviews in the two states Saxony‐Anhalt and Hesse, it identifies the weak political influence of disability lobbyists as the primary reason. Lacking structural, organizational, and institutional power, they do not get access to decision‐makers in housing politics but are labeled as social policy actors. On the other hand, housing and building industries have considerable resources to push their housing policy agenda. Nevertheless, the empirical findings clearly show the challenging endeavor of integrating social and building policies in accessible housing while contributing to the overarching understanding of politics in minor policy fields.

The purpose of this article is to explore the existing intersectional knowledge on integration and resettlement of refugees with disabilities in two of the top five resettlement countries in the world, Germany and Canada. There is limited research on the intersection of migration and disability, especially in the context of refugee resettlement. Reflecting the dominant pathways of migration in each country, what little research there is focuses on asylum seekers in Germany, and immigrants in Canada. The review describes settlement programs in each country. We draw from the global literature around forced migration and disability, as well as disability and migration more broadly in each country, to enhance the limited existing research and conduct an intersectional analysis at the level of systems, discourses and subjective narratives. Findings highlight three dominant themes that weave across all three levels: being a "burden" on society, being invisible, and agency and resistance. Finally, drawing from the theoretical stance of Disability Studies, critical, and holistic integration theories we discuss how this intersectional analysis highlights the importance of reshaping the policies, discourse and definition of integration, and the consequences this can have on research, service delivery, and evaluation of integration and resettlement.

The deployment of technology in the workplace is increasingly replacing routine tasks and creating more non-routine tasks. In this article, we investigate the influence of computer technology on tasks carried out by employees with disabilities compared to employees without disabilities. We assume significant differences between both groups and stronger substitutive and complementary effects of computer technology in the case of a higher degree of disability. We use four waves of the German BIBB-IAB (BIBB: Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training- IAB: Institute of Employment Research) and BIBB-BauA (BIBB: Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training- BauA: German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Employment surveys (1976–2006) to investigate the development of tasks and the influence of computer technology carried out by employees with disabilities compared to employees without disabilities. The results show a development of tasks carried out by employees with disabilities that is very similar to that of employees without disabilities. In line with the assumptions of the task-based approach, we find that computer technology in the workplace has a complementary effect on routine tasks and a substitutive effect on non-routine tasks carried out by employees with disabilities. Against our theoretical assumptions, we find no systematic differences in the effects of computer technology on the tasks of employees with and without a disability. Moreover, we do not find systematic differences with regard to the degree of disability.

We examine the mechanisms explaining the dropout intentions of students with disabilities by integrating Tinto's model of student integration, the student attrition model, the composite persistence model, and insights from social stratification research. The resulting theoretical model posits that not only students' academic and social integration, but also their private resources (financial, home learning, and personal resources) are crucial for academic success. Analysing data from a 2020 Germany-wide student survey, we find that students with disabilities are substantially more likely to intend to drop out of higher education than students without disabilities. Linear regressions and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions show that their lower academic integration and fewer personal resources are most relevant for explaining this difference, while their lower social integration, home learning, and financial resources play subordinate roles. Further analyses reveal that dropout intent is highest among students with psychic disabilities, followed by students with learning disabilities and students with physical disabilities. Regarding all three disability groups, less academic integration and fewer personal resources are most relevant for explaining their higher dropout intent (compared to students without disabilities). However, the disability groups differ regarding the importance of the different explanatory factors. Overall, our results highlight the importance of considering both students' integration into higher education and their private resources for understanding student-group-specific dropout intent.