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Alice Paul has long been an elusive figure in the political history of American women. Raised by Quaker parents in Moorestown, New Jersey, she would become a passionate and outspoken leader of the woman suffrage movement. In 1913, she reinvigorated the American campaign for a constitutional suffrage amendment and, in the next seven years, dominated that campaign and drove it to victory with bold, controversial action -wedding courage with resourcefulness and self-mastery. This biography of Paul's early years and suffrage leadership offers fresh insight into her private persona and public image

Alice Paul's formation as activist -- The commitment to nonviolence -- Reaching the group through words and pictures -- Parades and other events : escalating the nonviolent pressure -- Lobbying and deputations -- The political boycott -- Picketing Wilson -- Hunger strikes and jail -- At nonviolent war

"Alice Paul began her life as a quiet girl from a strict Quaker family in New Jersey. But as a young woman, an interest in social work brought her to England, where she apprenticed with the militant suffrage movement there, led by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters. Upon her return to the United States, Alice founded her own suffrage movement. Calling themselves "Silent Sentinels," she and her followers were the first protestors to picket the White House. Behind bars, they went on hunger strikes and were force-fed and brutalized. Years before Gandhi's campaign of nonviolent resistance, and decades before civil rights demonstrations, Alice Paul and her followers practiced peaceful civil disobedience. In 1920, a woman's right to vote finally became law. In celebration of the 90th anniversary of the Sentinels' great victory, here at last is the inspiring story of the woman who dedicated her life to winning universal suffrage for women and helped propel that dream to reality"--Provided by publisher

This biography of Alice Paul, long an elusive figure in the political history of American women, offers the first in-depth examination of the sources of Paul's ambition and the development of her political consciousness. Focusing on Paul's early years and suffrage leadership, the authors bring fresh insights to the persistent questions about Alice Paul and her legacy.

Intro -- Two Paths to Equality -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Elusive Search for Equal Rights in the Twentieth Century -- 1. "To the Victor Belong the Spoils": The Merits of a Combined Suffrage and Labor Agenda, 1877-1920 -- 2. From Charity Organization to Militant Protest: Alice Paul's Rise to Prominence, 1885-1920 -- 3. "[S]ome Group of Women Must Keep on Developing the Power of Women As a Class": The National Woman's Party, 1921-1923 -- 4. "Women's Biggest Battle Is Yet to Be Fought": Ethel M. Smith and the Women's Trade Union League, 1921-1923 -- 5. The ERA v. Women's Minimum Wage: The Legal Debate Between Paul and Smith, 1921-1923 -- Conclusion: Two Paths to Equality: The Difference It Makes -- Notes -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- I. Primary Sources -- II. Secondary Sources: -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Y.

Cover -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- SERIES EDITOR'S FOREWORD -- AUTHOR'S PREFACE -- 1 Becoming Alice Paul -- 2 History, Politics, and Strategy -- 3 Where Are All the People? -- 4 A Splendid Year and a Growing Rivalry -- 5 Taking on the Democrats -- 6 A New Plan, a New Party, an Old Fight -- 7 The War Against Women -- 8 Victory and Discord -- 9 The Quest for Equality for Women -- 10 Epilogue -- PRIMARY SOURCES -- STUDY QUESTIONS -- NOTES -- ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX

Alice Stokes Paul was born in the United States (USA) on January 11, 1885 at Paulsdale in Mount Laurel, New Jersey. She received a Ph.D. in sociology and devoted her life to achieving rights for women. While her academic work was completed before the term "clinical sociology" was used in the United States, her work certainly should be seen as part of the history of clinical sociology.

Any inquiry into the condition of the churches to-day must consider the gulf existing between the church and the working class. We hardly realize, I think, that by a great section of the proletariat our religious organizations are regraded as the stronghold of hypocrisy and oppression. We hardly realize the bitterness that that these workers fell toward us as they repeat once again: "Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayers. Therefore, shall ye receive the greater damnation."

When women picketed the White House demanding the vote on January 10, 1917, they broke new ground in political activism. Demanding that they President influence Congress, they petitioned the President and Congress and marched in the streets in the nation's first ever coast-to-coast campaign for political rights. Women were imprisoned for peaceful protest, went on hunger strikes and were beaten and tortured by authorities. But they won the 19th Amendment, ensuring that the right to vote cannot be denied because of gender. Their successful nonviolent civil rights campaign established a precedent

Alice Paul was one of the foremost advocates for woman at the end of the Progressive Era, working successfully for passage of the 19th Amendment. In her work for suffrage, she pioneered methods and techniques that were to become standard tools for later successful social movements. She was one of the first graduates of the New York School of Applied Philanthropy and spent her early career working in both settlement houses and Charity Organization Societies; however, Paul has been conspicuously absent from the social work literature.

About the author Anna Reiter is a senior majoring in history accompanied by a minor in political science. She is a member of Phi Alpha Theta and the Honors Program and will receive her BA in December, 2013.