Suchergebnisse

Upstream watershed is one of the sub-watersheds that serve to maintain the availability of water for the central and downstream region. So that, when damage occurs in that area, it will effect to the middle and lower area of the watershed. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the stakeholders who involved in the rescue of Citarum watershed upstream, (2) to know the effectiveness of participatory institutions to change attitudes and behavior of society around the Citarum watershed upstream. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach supported by qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the results of this study showed (1) institutional participatory have successfully changed attitudes and behavior of society to not to dispose the household garbage and sewage into the river again (2) participatory institutional not yet managed to change the manner of private parties to not to dispose garbage and industrial waste into the river, and (3) participatory institutions in central are more effective to change society attitudes and behavior to be more concerned for the environment than the existing participatory institutions in the upstream. In generally, the participatory institutions have successfully established collaborative between public, private and government at the sub-watershed upstream.

Abstract
This article discusses reproductionist perspectives that assume there is little local participatory institutions can do to address the underrepresentation and the domination of some social groups. While there is also empirical basis to be skeptical, the evidence suggests that, occasionally, the reproduction of class inequalities can be counteracted. This encourages us to consider the conditions that favor greater participation of working-class, economically and culturally disadvantaged people. Comparing evidence from various studies in a range of countries, the article argues that certain contextual factors and inclusion tools produce higher rates of mobilization and more egalitarian deliberations. Specifically, the article focuses on the effects of three conditions: a) special mobilization efforts; b) design choices and inclusion tools; and c) the broadening of the political subject through cultural mobilization. As well as reflecting on the shortcomings of these factors, a new research agenda for social equality in participation is also proposed.

From time to time, a region of the world captures the attention of social scientists because people there achieve some important human value to an extent greater than the rest of us have managed to do. In the 1970s, the Scandinavian and Northern European social democracies earned the world's envy for their remarkable accomplishments in equality, solidarity, and welfare. Accordingly, many social scientists sought to understand the political and economic keys to their success.

ABSTRACTThis article challenges the conventional wisdom that enthusiastic state support is a prerequisite to building strong participatory institutions. Through an analysis of Colombia's planning councils, this study develops the concept of the societydriven participatory institution, in which civil society actors, rather than the state, undertake the core tasks involved in implementing participatory institutions. The article argues that while state neglect limits their involvement in decisionmaking, society-driven participatory institutions can still develop important policymaking roles in agenda setting and in monitoring and evaluating public policy.