Suchergebnisse

The Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (the 1951 Convention) does not address all the challenging questions posed by contemporary forced migration. The 1951 Convention does not deal with persons fleeing armed conflict, admission and large-scale movement of forced migrants in a clear and comprehensive manner. In addition to this, restrictive interpretation of the refugee definition provided in Art. 1 A (2) of the 1951 Convention by State authorities, popularity of non-entrée policies and the absence of solidarity in response to large-scale forced migration movements create protection gaps. A number of initiatives have been adopted at the national, regional and international level to remedy these gaps and one of them is temporary protection. This article focuses on protection gaps and temporary protection. The first part of the article explores the extent to which the 1951 Convention deals with persons fleeing armed conflict, admission and mass-influx situations, and it seeks to clarify the reason why there are protection gaps concerning these issues. Building on this analysis, the second part of the article defines temporary protection by reviewing temporary protection policies in Turkey, the United States and the European Union and it explores to what extent temporary protection regimes can remedy protection gaps and provide effective protection to forced migrants.

This paper asks whether the results obtained from using the standard approach to testing the influential Grossman and Helpman "protection for sale" (PFS) model of political economy might arise from a simpler setting. A model of imports and quotas with protection occuring in response to import surges, but only for organized industries, is simulated and shown to provide parameter estimates consistent with the protection for sale framework. This suggests that the standard approach may be less of a test than previously thought.

Cover -- Title Page -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- 1. Don't Accept Candy From Strangers: An Analysis of Third-Party Mobile SDKs -- 2. AI and the Right to Explanation: Three Legal Bases under the GDPR -- 3. A Comparison of Data Protection Regulations for Automotive Systems -- 4. Misaligned Union Laws? A Comparative Analysis of Certification in the Cybersecurity Act and the General Data Protection Regulation -- 5. Aggregation, Synthesisation and Anonymisation: A Call for a Risk-based Assessment of Anonymisation Approaches -- 6. The Role of the EU Fundamental Right to Data Protection in an Algorithmic and Big Data World -- 7. Implementing AI in Healthcare: An Ethical and Legal Analysis Based on Case Studies -- 8. Technological Experimentation Without Adequate Safeguards? Interoperable EU Databases and Access to the Multiple Identity Detector by SIRENE Bureaux -- Closing Remarks -- Index -- Copyright Page.

AbstractThis paper discusses Government policy to August 1989 on the use of protection zones to protect UK water sources from pollution by nitrate. It outlines the use of the powers in the Water Act 1989 to declare Nitrate Sensitive Areas, and the procedures that would be followed in declaring such zones. The circumstances are outlined in which compensation would be paid in Nitrate Sensitive Areas and the reasons for departing from the 'polluter pays' principle. UK policy is related to the proposed European Community Directive on the control of nitrate, and the similarities between the two approaches are illustrated.

"This book brings together papers that offer conceptual analyses, highlight issues, propose solutions, and discuss practices regarding privacy, data protection and Artificial Intelligence. It is one of the results of the thirteenth annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy and Data Protection (CPDP) held in Brussels in January 2020. The development and deployment of Artificial Intelligence promises significant break-throughs in how humans use data and information to understand and interact with the world. The technology, however, also raises significant concerns. In particular, concerns are raised as to how Artificial Intelligence will impact fundamental rights. This interdisciplinary book has been written at a time when the scale and impact of data processing on society - on individuals as well as on social systems - is becoming ever starker. It discusses open issues as well as daring and prospective approaches and is an insightful resource for readers with an interest in computers, privacy and data protection"--