Suchergebnisse

This book, which contains 17 chapters, presents an expert synthesis of greenhouse gas (GHG) sink science and how this applies to the past, current and future changes in climate. It also explores how the sinks may respond to increased GHG emissions and global temperatures, and whether they can be protected and even enhanced to help mitigate climatic change. The sinks discussed in this book are the planet's storage areas, where GHGs are locked away from the atmosphere and thus prevented from contributing to global warming. This book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners in conservation, ecology and environmental studies.

The central objective of the volume is to review and consider a range of evidence on the 'tradeoffs versus synergies' theme as it pertains to the multiple objectives of agricultural intensification in low-income countries. The evidence is wide ranging and includes theoretical and conceptual analysis, numerous empirical examples and case studies from Asia, Africa and Latin America and analyses of selected technology, policy and institutional issues. The book contains 24 chapters and an index.

As the main impetus for regulating microorganisms is to reach an acceptable level of safety with respect to human health and environment, the main aim of the book is instead to critically examine the safety principles that have governed the development of regulations in representative countries, and to what extent these correctly mirror actual hazards and risks. After an introductory chapter by the editors, the book starts with chapters treating regulatory systems for typical application areas in representative jurisdictions. These are followed by others discussing various approaches for assessing the safety of microbes and their utilization, as well as new methodologies to determine pathogenicity, virulence and toxicity. Special chapters examine how international initiatives and agreements as well as public 'risk perception' can influence the implementation of microbial solutions to environmental or agricultural problems.

This book with 10 chapters (following an Introduction) covers the major questions of forest fragmentation as general questions affecting the world's forest biodiversity, ecosystem function and ecosystem services. These are not merely case studies from particular places in the world, confirming what we already know. Rather, these are carefully selected topics that provide a broad overview of the major questions confronting forest ecologists, conservation biologists and environmental policy makers. Among the key themes throughout the book are whether land sharing or land intensification represents a better way to protect biodiversity, if subsidies from carbon sequestration programmes such as REDD (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) can provide a permanent solution to forest conservation and how forest fragments will be able to persist during a changing climate. An additional topic is the extent to which government policies can reverse the effects of forest fragmentation and rebuild the forest systems that can protect biodiversity. As such, this book will make excellent reading for graduate students seeking to understand the general topic of forest fragmentation and to discern which are the major questions of current concern. Furthermore, this will provide a valuable reference for environmental policy makers, while conservation biologists and ecologists can use these essays to develop a cutting-edge research agenda.

This book contains 28 chapters with emphasis on the interactive nature of the relationships between the soil, plant, animal and environmental components of grassland systems, both natural and managed. It analyses the present knowledge and the future trends of research for combining the classical view of grasslands, as a resource for secure feeding of an increasing human population, with the more recent perspective of the contribution of grasslands to the mitigation of environmental impacts and biodiversity erosion as consequences of human society activities. The chapters are organized within five sections dealing with the different functions and the main ecosystem services expected from grasslands: (i) domestic herbivore feeding and animal production; (ii) the regulation of biogeochemical cycles and its consequences for the environment; (iii) dynamics of biodiversity hosted by grasslands; (iv) integration of grasslands within sustainable animal production systems; and (v) interactions of grassland areas with other land use systems at the landscape level.

This book provides a review and guide to environmental policy options for the control of agricultural pollution (particularly water pollution) and the economic, administrative and political merits of such policies. The principal focus is on the developed world, particularly North America and Europe. The book covers: the issues concerning agriculture and water quality; the voluntary and indirect approaches for reducing externalities and satisfying multiple objectives; the estimation of the benefits and costs of pollution control policies; the pollution control policies in the USA and EU; and the decomposition of the effects of trade on the environment. The book contains 7 chapters and a subject index.

This book is the result of an international collaborative research effort focusing on the tropical montane forests of Mexico and the temperate rain forests of southern South America. The over-all aim of the research was to investigate the impact of human activity on the key processes influencing biodiversity in fragmented forest landscapes, and to use the research results to develop practical tools for evaluating land use decisions, thereby indicating how sustainable forest management might be achieved in practice.

This book describes and analyses the challenges and opportunities of amenity migration to mountain areas and its management, and offers related recommendations. The book's chapters cover the subject through case studies at international, regional and local levels, along with overarching themes such as environmental sustainability and equity, mountain recreation users, housing, and spiritual motivation. Crucial issues addressed are the relationship of amenity migration to tourism and migration motivated by economic gain. Part I (chapters 1-3) describes and analyses key aspects of the amenity migration phenomenon that arch across specific place experiences, while chapters 4-20 are organized geographically, covering amenity migration in the Americas (part II), in Europe (part III), and in the Asia Pacific region (part IV). Chapter 21 concludes by bringing all the information together and focusing on the future of amenity-led migration.

This book, which will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in forestry, tree physiology and ecology, climate change and pollution, includes 11 chapters which review what is known about the impacts of elevated CO2 and other greenhouse gases on forest ecosystems.

This book reviews issues about the quality of the environment in relation to agriculture, and relates them to agricultural trade and competition. It focuses primarily on the key environmental and human-health issues (e.g., pollution from agriculture, the quality of landscapes, animal welfare, and food safety) affecting agriculture in the EU, USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. It also reviews the policy measures and standards established in these countries. The book contains 11 chapters and a subject index.

This book contains 17 chapters. Topics covered are: management of marine aquaculture: the sustainability challenge; marine mammals and aquaculture: conflicts and potential resolutions; recreational fishing and aquaculture: throwing a line into the pond; aquaculture: opportunity of threat to traditional capture fishermen; advances in marine stock enhancement: shifting emphasis to theory and accountability; aquatic polyculture and balanced ecosystem management: new paradigms for seafood production; the role of marine aquaculture facilities as habitats and ecosystems; mangroves and coastal aquaculture; environmental effects associated with marine netpen waste with emphasis on salmon farming in the Pacific Northwest; issues associated with non-indigenous species in marine aquaculture; genetic changes in marine aquaculture species and the potential for impacts on natural populations; what role does genetics play in responsible aquaculture; understanding the interaction of extractive and fed aquaculture using ecosystem modelling; shrimp farm effluents; fish meal: historical uses, production trends and future outlook for sustainable supplies; the use of wild-caught juveniles in coastal aquaculture and its application to coral reef fishes; contending with criticism: sensible responses in an age of advocacy.

This book contains a collection of 14 case studies from around the globe that illustrate the impact of a range of land-use changes on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils and provide a snapshot of the challenges faced in ensuring sustainable soil management in tropical and savannah environments. This book is not a comprehensive account of all the drivers of soil change in the tropics, nor does it cover all areas of the tropics. It does, however, take a broad view of the tropics, with the inclusion of studies from South Africa and the dry sub-humid tropics of the Kalahari as well as the humid tropics. Tropics are drawn from a wide geographical area including South and Central America, South East Asia, India and Africa, and the chapters have been contributed by authors from all of these areas as well as Europe, North America, Australasia and Japan. It thus provides a snapshot of a range of factors affecting soils across the globe. From this, emerges topics that can be grouped into the following themes: the effects of land-use change on soil microbial populations; urban soils, agriculture and soil contamination; and land-use effects on soil carbon and soil organic matter.

A short book designed to provide a review of information on the scale of manufacture, import, export and use of chemical pesticides, examples of direct risks to human welfare in terms of acute poisonings caused by occupational exposure and pesticide residues in food, and examples of problems with the storage of obsolete stocks of pesticides in developing countries. The main emphasis is on acute problems in developing countries, particularly in Latin America, Asia and Africa, but some information is also provided about developed countries. There are four chapters (Chemical pesticide markets, Pesticide exposure and health effects, Pesticide residues and Obsolete pesticide stocks) and an index is included.

This book contains a selected cross section of papers from the 2014 UK Poultry Science Symposium (31st Poultry Science Symposium, held in Queen Hotel, Chester, UK, last 8-10 September 2014). It reviews essential topics such as resources and supply chains, the global poultry market, risk management, zoonoses and green issues. Providing a compilation of the most current research in the poultry science and production industry, this book is an important resource for both researchers and professionals. The book has 14 chapters distributed in eight parts, the first part focused on creating a resilient industry and consists of two chapters; making a resilient poultry industry in Europe (chapter 1); and consumer perceptions of poultry meat and eggs : bridging the gap between public perceptions and reality. On the other hand part II contains : global context on price volatility and supply chains - is Europe competitive? (chapter 3), industry challenges surrounding sustainability (chapter 4). Part III presents topic on how to attract, retain and develop talent within the industry (chapter 5). Part IV contains chapters 6 and 7, which feedstuffs will be used in the future? and limiting factors for nutritional efficiency respectively. Part V inlcudes: food safety : prevention is better than crisis management (chapter 8); endemic disease - the challenge to reduce antibiotic use (chapter 9); and human nutrition and health - making products more desirable to consumers (chapter 10). Part VI includes: breeding for sustainability: maintaining and enhancing multi-trait genetic improvement (chapter 11); and increased sustainability in poultry production: new tools and resources for genetic management (chpater 12) The seventh part discussed the topic on reducing the environmental impact of poultry production (chapter 13) and finally Part VIII discussed horizons and prospects - a role for WPSA? (chapter 14).

This book with twenty-eight chapters including the concluding remarks discusses the range of extreme environments that exist on earth, and the organisms that live in them and their evolutionary implications. Particularly, the book explores the following extreme environments: polar marine and terrestrial environments; high altitude and latitude as well as subglacial lakes; cold alpine regions; glacier surface habitats; polar and hot deserts; terrestrial hydrothermal environments; deep-sea hydrothermal vents; high hydrostatic pressure environments; caves and karst environments; deep subterranean and subseafloor environments; acidic and alkaline environments; hypersaline and hypoxic environments; and high ultraviolet radiation environments. The book discusses contemporary issues such as the extreme changes that anthropogenically-created extremes such as climate change, pollution, habitat destruction and over-exploitation will exert upon these environments and their inhabitants. Moreover, the book presents the realized and potential biotechnical and biomedical applications of extremophiles in modern society and conclude with a discussion of how earth's extreme environments are facilitating current research in astrobiology (life on other planets).