Suchergebnisse

Habitat, population structure and consume of these resources by indigenous communities are determining factors for management and conservation of amazonian chelonians. The objectives of this research were: to identify the habitat types, to describe hunting patterns and to analyze population situation Podocnemis expansa and P. unifilis adult females. Therefore we researched and catalogued every habitat type used by turtles and the use of the community in the Curare – Los Ingleses reserve during hydrologic cycle period of Caquetá River, from March 2008 to January 2009. Caimán Port was the area with most incidents of two species during low-water period. On this place there were preserved 56 nests of P. unifilis. The indigenous community consumed mostly the nests on beaches close to the river. The capture effort on this sector it was 0,78 animals/day. Indigenous used cords and camuri in low waters close to nesting beaches, capturing overwhelmingly young of P. unifilis with sizes between 15 - 35 cm (N=23; X : 25,45; DS: 0,19) and adults females 36 - 55 cm (N=16; X =43,24; DS: 5,91). From nine studied beaches, eight were used by indigenous communities for catching eggs. We recommend making managements arrangements between Traditional Indigenous Authorities Criacia (Consolidation of Curare – Los Ingleses reserve) and pani (Indigenous from Cahuinari and three isles) in Bernardo – Zumaeta sector, with the government support and ngo. The start of co-managements and monitoring activities in the habitats is important in order to recommend management options of beaches and to control capture of chelonians methods. ; El hábitat, uso del recurso y estructura poblacional, son factores determinantes para el manejo y preservación de los quelonios amazónicos. En la región amazónica, esta información es de vital importancia para el uso de los recursos y la mejoría de la calidad de vida del hombre amazónico. En este sentido, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar los tipos de hábitats donde se encuentran las tortugas Podocnemis, describir los patrones de caza, determinando el número, tamaño y especies utilizadas, así como analizar la situación poblacional de Podocnemis expansa y Podocnemis unifilis. Se indagó y se catalogaron los hábitats, en especial los remansos y el uso realizado por la comunidad del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses durante el ciclo hidrológico de marzo de 2008 a enero 2009 en lagos y afluentes cercanos al río Caquetá. Puerto Caimán fue el sector donde se registró una mayor abundancia en aguas bajas para P. unifilis y P. expansa. En este lugar se preservaron 56 nidos de P. unifilis. Observamos que los comuneros utilizan mayormente las nidadas que se encuentran en las playas cerca a la ribera del río, el esfuerzo de captura fue de 0,78 animales/día. Para la captura de quelonios los comuneros utilizaron la cuerda y el camurí en los remansos cercanos a playas de anidación, capturando principalmente juveniles de 15 a 35 cm (N=23) y hembras adultas de 36 a 55 cm (N= 16). En las restantes ocho playas del resguardo todos los nidos fueron utilizados por los comuneros. Para realizar el uso de este recurso deben realizarse acuerdos de manejo por parte de las Autoridades Indígenas Tradicionales CRIACIA (Consolidación del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses) y PANI (Indígenas del Cahuinari y tres Islas) en el sector el Bernardo–Zumaeta, con el apoyo de instituciones gubernamentales y ONGs. Se recomienda iniciar actividades de co-manejo con los habitantes para realizar estudios de monitoreo a fin de recomendar opciones de manejo en las playas y regular el uso de las artes de caza y pesca de los quelonios.

El hábitat, uso del recurso y estructura poblacional, son factores determinantes para el manejo y preservación de los quelonios amazónicos. En la región amazónica, esta información es de vital importancia para el uso de los recursos y la mejoría de la calidad de vida del hombre amazónico. En este sentido, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar los tipos de hábitats donde se encuentran las tortugas Podocnemis, describir los patrones de caza, determinando el número, tamaño y especies utilizadas, así como analizar la situación poblacional de Podocnemis expansa y Podocnemis unifilis. Se indagó y se catalogaron los hábitats, en especial los remansos y el uso realizado por la comunidad del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses durante el ciclo hidrológico de marzo de 2008 a enero 2009 en lagos y afluentes cercanos al río Caquetá. Puerto Caimán fue el sector donde se registró una mayor abundancia en aguas bajas para P. unifilis y P. expansa. En este lugar se preservaron 56 nidos de P. unifilis. Observamos que los comuneros utilizan mayormente las nidadas que se encuentran en las playas cerca a la ribera del río, el esfuerzo de captura fue de 0,78 animales/día. Para la captura de quelonios los comuneros utilizaron la cuerda y el camurí en los remansos cercanos a playas de anidación, capturando principalmente juveniles de 15 a 35 cm (N=23) y hembras adultas de 36 a 55 cm (N= 16). En las restantes ocho playas del resguardo todos los nidos fueron utilizados por los comuneros. Para realizar el uso de este recurso deben realizarse acuerdos de manejo por parte de las Autoridades Indígenas Tradicionales CRIACIA (Consolidación del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses) y PANI (Indígenas del Cahuinari y tres Islas) en el sector el Bernardo–Zumaeta, con el apoyo de instituciones gubernamentales y ONGs. Se recomienda iniciar actividades de co-manejo con los habitantes para realizar estudios de monitoreo a fin de recomendar opciones de manejo en las playas y regular el uso de las artes de caza y pesca de los quelonios. ; Habitat, population structure and consume of these resources by indigenous communities are determining factors for management and conservation of amazonian chelonians. The objectives of this research were: to identify the habitat types, to describe hunting patterns and to analyze population situation Podocnemis expansa and P. unifilis adult females. Therefore we researched and catalogued every habitat type used by turtles and the use of the community in the Curare – Los Ingleses reserve during hydrologic cycle period of Caquetá River, from March 2008 to January 2009. Caimán Port was the area with most incidents of two species during low-water period. On this place there were preserved 56 nests of P. unifilis. The indigenous community consumed mostly the nests on beaches close to the river. The capture effort on this sector it was 0,78 animals/day. Indigenous used cords and camuri in low waters close to nesting beaches, capturing overwhelmingly young of P. unifilis with sizes between 15 - 35 cm (N=23; X : 25,45; DS: 0,19) and adults females 36 - 55 cm (N=16; X =43,24; DS: 5,91). From nine studied beaches, eight were used by indigenous communities for catching eggs. We recommend making managements arrangements between Traditional Indigenous Authorities Criacia (Consolidation of Curare – Los Ingleses reserve) and pani (Indigenous from Cahuinari and three isles) in Bernardo – Zumaeta sector, with the government support and ngo. The start of co-managements and monitoring activities in the habitats is important in order to recommend management options of beaches and to control capture of chelonians methods.

El hábitat, uso del recurso y estructura poblacional, son factores determinantes para el manejo y preservación de los quelonios amazónicos. En la región amazónica, esta información es de vital importancia para el uso de los recursos y la mejoría de la calidad de vida del hombre amazónico. En este sentido, los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar los tipos de hábitats donde se encuentran las tortugas Podocnemis, describir los patrones de caza, determinando el número, tamaño y especies utilizadas, así como analizar la situación poblacional de Podocnemis expansa y Podocnemis unifilis. Se indagó y se catalogaron los hábitats, en especial los remansos y el uso realizado por la comunidad del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses durante el ciclo hidrológico de marzo de 2008 a enero 2009 en lagos y afluentes cercanos al río Caquetá. Puerto Caimán fue el sector donde se registró una mayor abundancia en aguas bajas para P. unifilis y P. expansa. En este lugar se preservaron 56 nidos de P. unifilis. Observamos que los comuneros utilizan mayormente las nidadas que se encuentran en las playas cerca a la ribera del río, el esfuerzo de captura fue de 0,78 animales/día. Para la captura de quelonios los comuneros utilizaron la cuerda y el camurí en los remansos cercanos a playas de anidación, capturando principalmente juveniles de 15 a 35 cm (N=23) y hembras adultas de 36 a 55 cm (N= 16). En las restantes ocho playas del resguardo todos los nidos fueron utilizados por los comuneros. Para realizar el uso de este recurso deben realizarse acuerdos de manejo por parte de las Autoridades Indígenas Tradicionales CRIACIA (Consolidación del resguardo Curare-Los Ingleses) y PANI (Indígenas del Cahuinari y tres Islas) en el sector el Bernardo–Zumaeta, con el apoyo de instituciones gubernamentales y ONGs. Se recomienda iniciar actividades de co-manejo con los habitantes para realizar estudios de monitoreo a fin de recomendar opciones de manejo en las playas y regular el uso de las artes de caza y pesca de los quelonios. ; Habitat, population structure and consume of these resources by indigenous communities are determining factors for management and conservation of amazonian chelonians. The objectives of this research were: to identify the habitat types, to describe hunting patterns and to analyze population situation Podocnemis expansa and P. unifilis adult females. Therefore we researched and catalogued every habitat type used by turtles and the use of the community in the Curare – Los Ingleses reserve during hydrologic cycle period of Caquetá River, from March 2008 to January 2009. Caimán Port was the area with most incidents of two species during low-water period. On this place there were preserved 56 nests of P. unifilis. The indigenous community consumed mostly the nests on beaches close to the river. The capture effort on this sector it was 0,78 animals/day. Indigenous used cords and camuri in low waters close to nesting beaches, capturing overwhelmingly young of P. unifilis with sizes between 15 - 35 cm (N=23; X : 25,45; DS: 0,19) and adults females 36 - 55 cm (N=16; X =43,24; DS: 5,91). From nine studied beaches, eight were used by indigenous communities for catching eggs. We recommend making managements arrangements between Traditional Indigenous Authorities Criacia (Consolidation of Curare – Los Ingleses reserve) and pani (Indigenous from Cahuinari and three isles) in Bernardo – Zumaeta sector, with the government support and ngo. The start of co-managements and monitoring activities in the habitats is important in order to recommend management options of beaches and to control capture of chelonians methods.

ABSTRACT During the eighteenth century, Portuguese settlers in Amazonia captured thousands of turtles and crushed millions of their eggs. These turtles, especially the Giant South American River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa), gave these settlers two essential resources: meat and oil. Though there is a rich historiography on turtle hunting, important social and environmental dimensions of the practice in Amazonia during the colonial period have been overlooked. In this paper we focus on how turtles played a key role in the diet and domestic needs of Portuguese settlers in the Amazon rainforest and explore the shape and magnitude of colonialism's impact on these animals. The turtles became prime targets for Portuguese settlers because they were abundant and had characteristics and behavior that made them easy prey. Though P. expansa did not become extinct, Portuguese hunting had enduring impacts on their distribution and abundance that merit consideration.

Stomach contents were examined of 32 broad-shelled turtles (Chelodina expansa) from the Murray River and associated waters in south east Australia. The main feed items were decapod crustaceans, aquatic bugs and small fish. C. expansa, the largest Australian chelid turtle, was wholly carnivorous and specialized for feeding on highly motile prey.

Em junho e dezembro de 2013, foram registrados, por meio de observação direta em uma Unidade de Conservação localizada no município de Recife, estado de Pernambuco, indivíduos adultos e desova de tartaruga-da-amazônia (Podocnemis expansa), espécie exótica para a região.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in phase II of detoxification metabolism and could be used as biomarkers for water pollution. This study aims to determine heavy metal concentrations in the soft tissue of the mangrove clam Geloina expansa, as well as the expression of GSTs in the species. The acid digestion method was used to digest the samples, followed by a standard USEPA 6010B procedure using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to measure the heavy metal contents in the samples. GST enzyme activity was measured using 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the mean values of heavy metal concentration, protein concentration, enzyme activity, and specific activity. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) for Zn, total protein, and specific activity in G. expansa, but no significant difference in Pb, Cu and enzyme activity. GST enzyme activities were estimated at 0.16 ± 0.01 µmol/min, with a protein content of 1.24 ± 0.04 mg. The specific activity for GST was 0.13 ± 0.01 µmol/min/mg, calculated as the ratio of enzyme activity to the total protein. GST-specific activity positively correlates with Pb concentration in the soft tissue of G. expansa. Detailed studies on the effects of pollution on the expression of GST need to be further investigated for the future use of this species as an efficient biomarker model.

Resumen: La tortuga Arrau (Podocnemis expansa) ha sido muy importante en las Tierras Bajas suramericanas desde la época precolonial. Diversos cronistas señalaron sus apreciaciones sobre la pesca de la tortuga para las poblaciones indígenas. Una perspectiva diacrónica a la par de evidenciar las sociabilidades establecidas entre humanos y tortugas, vinculados principalmente a la pesca, colecta de huevos y consumo, también nos permite discutir los efectos de los procesos de colonización en tales relaciones. Localizamos estas reflexiones a partir del análisis material y documental en el contexto del Orinoco Medio. Resumo: A tartaruga amazônica tem sido muito importante nas Terras Baixas sul-americanas desde a época pré-colonial. Diversos viajantes assinalaram suas apreciações sobre a pesca de tartarugas pelas populações indígenas. Uma perspectiva diacrônica, ao demonstrar as sociabilidades estabelecidas entre humanos e tartarugas, principalmente ligadas à pesca, coleta de ovos e consumo, também nos permite discutir os efeitos dos processos de colonização em tais relações. Localizamos essas reflexões a partir da análise material e documental no contexto do Orinoco Médio. Abstract: The Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) has being important in South America Lowlands since precolonial times. Several chronicles appointed their appreciations about turtle fishing for indigenous populations. A diachronical perspective allows us to evidence the sociabilities established between humans and turtles, mainly related to fishing, eggs collecting and consumption, as well as discuss the effects of the colonization processes in such relationships. These reflections are based on the material and documental analysis in the Middle Orinoco context.