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Elections are crucial in any democratic nation. However, since election turnout levels in Europe have decreased in the last 25 years, studies have been conducted to understand the root causes of the problem and assess how voters could be convinced to vote. This document focused on the voters' convenience factor by first performing an empirical review on how election systems are implemented in Europe, which methods exist, and analyzing how remote voting is deployed across European nations. The scope of this work has then been narrowed down to online voting. This document has studied how ballot data decentralization could contribute to an acceptable solution for online voting. As a result, the Solid project was studied to understand how it could fit into such a solution so that it could be used to store ballots under the responsibility of their respective voters. Such a study involved the design and implementation of a proof of concept to understand the feasibility of Solid for decentralizing ballot data. A survey was then conducted to evaluate the proof of concept from a voter perspective, having presented results that indicate that while online voting is deemed more convenient, respondents did not find significant value in storing ballots in a decentralized way using Solid. ; Eleições são um conceito crucial em qualquer nação democrática. No entanto, derivado do constante aumento da abstenção nos países europeus nos últimos 25 anos, estudos têm sido feitos no sentido de perceber quais os factores que causam este problema, e entender como é que os eleitores podem ser convencidos a votar. Este documento é focado na conveniência do eleitor. Numa primeira fase, é feita uma revisão empírica de como os sistemas eleitorais estão implementados na Europa, nomeadamente que métodos existem e como se comparam entre si. De seguida, é feita uma análise em como a votação remota está implantada em alguns países europeus, sendo posteriormente direccionada de forma mais concreta para a votação online. Este projeto procura estudar como é que os dados dos boletins de voto podem ser persistidos de forma descentralizada e se essa característica é viável no contexto de uma possível solução de votação online. Desta forma, o projecto Solid foi estudado para perceber se este poderia ser enquadrado nessa solução, de forma a que os boletins de voto pudessem ser guardados sob a responsabilidade dos seus respectivos eleitores. Esse estudo envolveu o desenho e implementação de uma prova de conceito que representasse essa solução. Após o seu desenvolvimento, a prova de conceito foi alvo de uma experiência. Os inquiridos experimentaram a solução e posteriormente responderam a um questionário sobre o funcionamento da prova de conceito e sobre a votação online em geral. Os resultados indicam que embora a votação online seja encarada como uma forma mais conveniente de votar do que presencialmente, os inquiridos não valorizam significativamente a persistência de boletins de voto de forma descentralizada.

The problem of voting system is still critical in terms of safety and security. This paper deals with the web based voting system using fingerprint and Aadhar card in order to provide a high performance with high security to the voting system. The Online voting using system allows the voters login to scan their fingerprint, which is then matched with an already saved image within a database that is retrieved from Aadhar card database to check the voter is eligible or not for casting the vote the verification done by the hall supervisor. The users must login by Aadhar card details based, then the voter login success full, the page will open and shows the candidate details then click on his her favorable candidates to cast their votes. This will increase the voting percentage in India and reduces the cost of contributing the elections. By using biometric fingerprint it provides high level security and reliability of every one. Dr. S. Hemalatha | Ms. M. Gowthami | V. Karthi "Online Voting Using Biometric" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Active Galaxy , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14568.pdf Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/14568/online-voting-using-biometric/dr-s-hemalatha

The E-voting promises the possibility of convenient, easy and safe way to capture and count the votes in an election. The advancement in the mobile devices, wireless and web technologies given rise to the new application that will make the voting process very easy and efficient. This research project provides the specification and requirements for E-Voting using an Android platform. The authentication is done through the face recognition through the mobile camera application. In this method the voter has to register using the application and the face recognition will be provided once the registration is successful. The e-voting means the voting process in election by using electronic device. The android platform is used to develop an e-voting application. In the proposed method the concept of e-voting application is created using android.On scanning the face, the voter will be asked for the password. Once the authentication is done the voter is made to proceed with the voting process. The main purpose of implementing this concept is to increase the voting percentage. So that the voter is not required to visit the voting center to cast their vote and also to avoid fake voting.

Internet voting systems have gained popularity and have been used for government elections and referendums in the United Kingdom, Estonia and Switzerland as well as municipal elections in Canada and party primary elections in the United States. Voting system can involve transmission of ballots and votes via private computer networks or the Internet. Electronic voting technology can speed the counting of ballots and can provide improved accessibility for disabled voters. The aim of this paper is to people who have citizenship of India and whose age is above 18 years and of any sex can give their vote through online without going to any physical polling station. Election Commission Officer Election Commission Officer who will verify whether registered user and candidates are authentic or not to participate in online voting. This online voting system is highly secured, and its design is very simple, ease of use and also reliable.

One of many major issues that plagues Internet voting is the potential for a distributed denial of service attack on the voting servers. These denial of service attacks are harmful because they block voting during the downtime. In addition, most current online voting protocols are centralized with only one voting server, making such an attack likely to disenfranchise some voters. The question is how to combat these attacks. One solution is to distribute the servers in a parallel manner, so in case one server goes down, the others can still provide service to voters. Whereas many online voting systems assume the constant availability of the voting infrastructure, we focus on the event that a server becomes unavailable. We extend a previously established online voting protocol, Helios, by adding multiserver capability. These servers communicate using the Paxos protocol, an algorithm for fault tolerant distributed environments. An analysis of this solution concludes that a multi-server Helios network communicating through the Paxos protocol promises safety and robustness.

International audience ; While online services emerge in all areas of life, the voting procedure in many democracies remains paper-based as the security of current online voting technology is highly disputed. We address the issue of trustworthy online voting protocols and recall therefore their security concepts with its trust assumptions. Inspired by the Bitcoin protocol, the prospects of distributed online voting protocols are analysed. No trusted authority is assumed to ensure ballot secrecy. Further, the integrity of the voting is enforced by all voters themselves and without a weakest link, the protocol becomes more robust. We introduce a taxonomy of notions of distribution in online voting protocols that we apply on selected online voting protocols. Accordingly, blockchain-based protocols seem to be promising for online voting due to their similarity with paper-based protocols.

The Internet's effect on political communication is omnipresent. However, very few jurisdictions around the globe allow their citizens to cast their ballot online. What are the electoral consequences of this reform? Research, so far, has mainly looked at security considerations and effects on turnout. In this research note, we broaden the scope of prior studies by examining the effect of online voting on diversity in representation. Using the voting results of municipalities in the Canadian province of Ontario both before and after the implementation of online voting, we test whether this reform has increased the representation of women and youth. We do not find that Internet voting has any significant impact on which candidates are elected, with both the gender and age of elected mayors being constant across online and traditional elections. We further find that the number of woman candidates does not increase with online voting.