Suchergebnisse

Challenges calling for integrated approaches to health, such as the One Health (OH) approach, typically arise from the intertwined spheres of humans, animals, and ecosystems constituting their environment. Initiatives addressing such wicked problems commonly consist of complex structures and dynamics. As a result of the EU COST Action (TD 1404) "Network for Evaluation of One Health" (NEOH), we propose an evaluation framework anchored in systems theory to address the intrinsic complexity of OH initiatives and regard them as subsystems of the context within which they operate. Typically, they intend to influence a system with a view to improve human, animal, and environmental health. The NEOH evaluation framework consists of four overarching elements, namely: (1) the definition of the initiative and its context, (2) the description of the theory of change with an assessment of expected and unexpected outcomes, (3) the process evaluation of operational and supporting infrastructures (the "OH-ness"), and (4) an assessment of the association(s) between the process evaluation and the outcomes produced. It relies on a mixed methods approach by combining a descriptive and qualitative assessment with a semi-quantitative scoring for the evaluation of the degree and structural balance of "OH-ness" (summarised in an OH-index and OH-ratio, respectively) and conventional metrics for different outcomes in a multi-criteria-decision-analysis. Here, we focus on the methodology for Elements (1) and (3) including ready-to-use Microsoft Excel spreadsheets for the assessment of the "OH-ness". We also provide an overview of Element (2), and refer to the NEOH handbook for further details, also regarding Element (4) (http:// neoh.onehealthglobal.net). The presented approach helps researchers, practitioners, and evaluators to conceptualise and conduct evaluations of integrated approaches to health and facilitates comparison and learning across different OH activities thereby facilitating decisions on resource allocation. The application of the framework has been described in eight case studies in the same Frontiers research topic and provides first data on OH-index and OH-ratio, which is an important step towards their validation and the creation of a dataset for future benchmarking, and to demonstrate under which circumstances OH initiatives provide added value compared to disciplinary or conventional health initiatives. ; peer-reviewed

One Health is a multidisciplinary approach to achieve optimal health for people, animals and the environment through local, regional and global research collaboration. Particularly in Southeast Asia, One Health has gained much more attention due to the rise of cross-species epidemics such as SARS, avian influenza, and Nipah virus. With 70% of emerging diseases being of animal origins, this has become a crucial issue for Southeast Asia due to increasingly high urbanization rate and dramatic expansion of livestock production. To address these concerns, an expert workshop "From One Health Theory to Reality: Practical challenges, impact of One Health initiatives and gaps in research" was held in Vietnam as part of the European Project SEA-EU-NET "ASEAN-EU Cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation jointly tackling global challenges" (www.sea-eu.net) - a European Union's Seventh Framework Program-funded project which aims at strengthening S&T cooperation between Europe and Southeast Asia. CIRAD on behalf of SEA-EU-NET partners organized this expert workshop on One Health, focusing on lessons learned from practical experience of One Health implementation and foresight research needs. Six local and international organizations including National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), the National Institute for Veterinary Research (NIVR), the French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (CIRAD), the British High Council Singapore (BHC), the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), and the Southeast Asia One Health University Network (SEAOHUN) jointly organize this workshop. The workshop held from 13-15 October 2014 in Hanoi, Vietnam gathered more than 100 delegates from 17 countries with over 20 scientific presentations, shared experiences, interventions and solutions to cover three areas: (i) One Health surveillance; (ii) One Health and EcoHealth research at the interface between wildlife, domestic animals and people; and (iii) One Health challenges around antimicrobial resistance.

While One Health initiatives are gaining in popularity, it is unclear if and how they are evaluated when implementation at scale is intended. The main purpose of this scoping review was to describe how One Health initiatives targeting infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance at a large scale are evaluated. Secondary objectives included identifying the main facilitators and barriers to the implementation and success of these initiatives, and how their impacts were assessed. Twenty-three studies evaluating One Health initiatives were eligible. Most studies included the human (n = 22) and animal (n = 15) sectors; only four included the environment sector. The types of evaluated initiative (non-exclusive) included governance (n = 5), knowledge (n = 6), protection (n = 17), promotion (n = 16), prevention (n = 9), care (n = 8), advocacy (n = 10) and capacity (n = 10). Studies used normative (n = 4) and evaluative (n = 20) approaches to assess the One Health initiatives, the latter including impact (n = 19), implementation (n = 8), and performance (n = 7) analyses. Structural and economic, social, political, communication and coordination-related factors, as well as ontological factors, were identified as both facilitators and barriers for successful One Health initiatives. These results identified a wide range of evaluation methods and indicators used to demonstrate One Health's added values, strengths, and limitations: the inherent complexity of the One Health approach leads to the use of multiple types of evaluation. The strengths and remaining gaps in the evaluation of such initiative highlight the relevance of comprehensive, mixed-method, context-sensitive evaluation frameworks to inform and support the implementation of One Health initiatives by stakeholders in different governance settings.

One Health (OH) positions health professionals as agents for change and provides a platform to manage determinants of health that are often not comprehensively captured in medicine or public health alone. However, due to the organization of societies and disciplines, and the sectoral allocation of resources, the development of transdisciplinary approaches requires effort and perseverance. Therefore, there is a need to provide evidence on the added value of OH for governments, researchers, funding bodies, and stakeholders. This paper outlines a conceptual framework of what OH approaches can encompass and the added values they can provide. The framework was developed during a workshop conducted by the "Network for Evaluation of One Health," an Action funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology. By systematically describing the various aspects of OH, we provide the basis for measuring and monitoring the integration of disciplines, sectors, and stakeholders in health initiatives. The framework identifies the social, economic, and environmental drivers leading to integrated approaches to health and illustrates how these evoke characteristic OH operations, i.e., thinking, planning, and working, and require supporting infrastructures to allow learning, sharing, and systemic organization. It also describes the OH outcomes (i.e., sustainability, health and welfare, interspecies equity and stewardship, effectiveness, and efficiency), which are not possible to obtain through sectoral approaches alone, and their alignment with aspects of sustainable development based on society, environment, and economy. ; peer-reviewed

Foreword / P. Guillaume Poliquin, Public Helath Agency of Canada -- Foreword / Éric Laliberté, Canadian Space Agency -- Introduction to public health and Earth observation -- Earth observation and public health priority application and research areas by theme -- Needs, challenges, and opportunities - a review by experts / Stéphanie Brazeau, Cécile Vignolles, Ramesha S. Krishnamurthy, Juli Trtanj, John Haynes, Steven Ramage, Thibault Catry, Serge Olivier Kotchi, Marion Borderon, Michael Gill, Nicholas H. Ogden, Antoinette Ludwig, Guy Aube, Jan C Semenza, Joaquin Trinanes, Didier Davignon -- Conclusions and opportunities.

The current fragmented framework of health governance for humans, animals and environment, together with the conventional linear approach to solving current health problems, is failing to meet today's health challenges and is proving unsustainable. Advances in healthcare depend increasingly on intensive interventions, technological developments and expensive pharmaceuticals. The disconnect grows between human health, animal health and environmental and ecosystems health. Human development gains have come with often unrecognized negative externalities affecting ecosystems. Deterioration in biodiversity and ecosystem services threatens to reverse the health gains of the last century. A paradigm shift is urgently required to de-sectoralize human, animal, plant and ecosystem health and to take a more integrated approach to health, One Health (OH). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a framework and unique opportunity for this. Through analysing individual SDGs, we argue the feasibility of an OH approach towards achieving them. Feasibility assessments and outcome evaluations are often constrained by sectoral politics within a national framework, historic possession of expertise, as well as tried and tested metrics. OH calls for a better understanding, acceptance and use of a broader and transdisciplinary set of assessment metrics. Key objectives of OH are presented: that humans reconnect with our natural past and accept our place in, and dependence on our planet's ecosystems; and that we recognize our dependence on ecosystem services, the impact of our development thereon and accept our responsibility towards future generations to address this. Several action points are proposed to meet these objectives. ; peer-reviewed

Bringing together a diverse collection of authors to examine the concept of One Health - the interlinking of the economy and the health of humans, other living beings, and nature - Piero Formica investigates how transformative enterprises and advanced technologies can improve the health of the planet and its people.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Table of contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Dedication -- Preface -- Foreword -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 Introduction to One Health concepts -- SYSTEMS AND DISEASE -- 2 One Health approaches to rabies control in Bali, Indonesia -- 3 Integrating a One Health approach to avian influenza control in New Zealand -- 4 Applying a One Health, multi-scale approach to understanding and preventing zoonotic parasite transmission in urban ecosystems: Echinococcus multilocularis and alveolar echinococcosis in North America -- 5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis in elephants in Asia: taking a One Health approach -- 6 Leptospirosis: an emerging health issue in the Asia-Pacific region -- ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY -- 7 Managing marine biosecurity risks: a New Zealand case study -- 8 The role of environmental management in snail-borne zoonotic diseases -- 9 Transdisciplinary collaboration for wildlife conservation: a practitioner's perspective -- 10 Climate change and vector-borne diseases - North America -- 11 Monitoring wildlife health for conservation and food security in the Canadian North: a case study from the Sahtu settlement area in the Northwest Territories -- 12 Using One Health to benefit animals: the case of declining sockeye salmon -- 13 Marine animal health in a changing Arctic -- 14 Avian wildlife as sentinels of environmental disruption -- AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY (AND RESOURCES) -- 15 Integrated pest management (IPM): one of the earliest 'ecosystem approaches' to agricultural problem-solving -- 16 Colony collapse disorder and other threats to honey bees -- 17 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy - the mad cow crisis and its consequences for animal and human health -- 18 Global trends in food safety: One Health and trade -- 19 Emerging markets and parasitic diseases

Bringing together a diverse collection of authors to examine the concept of One Health - the interlinking of the economy and the health of humans, other living beings, and nature - Piero Formica investigates how transformative enterprises and advanced technologies can improve the health of the planet and its people. Exploring topics such as organizations as organisms, innovation and sustainability, healthcare and wellbeing, citizen engagement and more, One Health is a truly transdisciplinary collection. Advocating for an economically sustainable and harmonised future, the overarching and widely applicable subject matter appeals to both academia and policymakers and businesses, trade associations, foundations, business incubators, and health organizations.

"Chinese President Xi Jinping launched the Silk Road Economic Belt component of the One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative at Kazakhstan in 2013. OBOR is a development strategy and framework that focuses on connectivity and cooperation among countries primarily in Eurasia. It consists of two main components, the land-based "Silk Road Economic Belt" (SREB) and ocean-going "Maritime Silk Road" (MSR). This book studies the equilibrium or balance between overland and maritime trade routes of OBOR. This book has two major sections. The interpretive section examines contemporary media narratives related to the OBOR initiative and how contemporary commentators appropriate narratives about historical events related to the maritime Silk Road to interpret current policy agendas and legitimize diplomatic or economic exchanges. In terms of institutional studies, the chapters related to Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) will look at the issues facing the Bank in its quest in forming a new world platform for multilateral development financing. The other section, the empirical case study of the publication highlights the fact that Euro-China High Speed Rail (HSR) and Central Asia-China HSR are not viable at the moment as passenger volume is not sufficient to justify the HSR line. This section examines the overland route of the OBOR and looks at recent Chinese HSR history and conventional sub-high speed rail technology development, and identifies technical & economic criteria determining the appropriate technology for a certain line. The chapter in this section will use the developed criteria to analyze the various rail linkage projects currently under study in the OBOR framework, highlight the economic, bureaucratic and geo-political challenges that these projects likely face and lay down conditions that will determine the outcome of these projects."--Provided by publisher

The advancement of modern day biomedical sciences and an exponential surge of biomedical data have brought forward a problem of too much division among different sectors that are vested in or deal with health issues world-wide. Advances in transportation, trade, travel affordability, and communication are leading the human population into a global understanding of regional problems. Ocean health, water and air quality, pollution, biodiversity, climate change, mutations, novel viruses, emerging and re-emerging infections, gut microbioms, are just a few topics of important health-related issues. One Health (OH) is a point of solution to address it. OH is a global health and WHO initiative of the 21st century focused on bringing down the divisions between various professions involved in health and health sciences and in creating the framework for bringing them together through interprofessional and transectorial approaches. It is a current trend uniting the health of animals, people and the environment around the world into a common goal. Academic institutions provide an optimal platform to enable the implementation of One Health approaches through educational programs, outreach and networking among faculty, students, researchers, industry and regulatory constituents/government to provide collective thought process, local initiatives and global impact on medicine and the health of our planet in general. Various One Health initiatives around the world gather around several Internet sites/platforms that offer leadership, directions and resources to connect numerous One Health advocates and groups around the world, allowing them to combine forces to break through disciplinary silos and to re-orient collective thinking and practice towards interactive system frameworks. A common goal of local OH networks is the global impact in gaining knowledge and promoting interdisciplinary approaches to health challenges shared by people, animals and the environment. One Health activities in local settings are becoming a valuable operational platform at all levels of academia, research, and governments around the world to reach this goal.

'Professor Li Xing has been studying the development of emerging countries in general and China in particular for many years, and has put forward the insightful theory of 'Interdependent Hegemony'. This book represents a further deepening and extension of his theory. It is a highly valuable piece of literature.' --Lin Hongyu, Huaqiao University, China 'This book provides an authoritative overview, grounded in critical political economy, of the One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative and will no doubt become a benchmark for future studies of this complex and ambitious project.' -- Ian Taylor, University of St Andrews, Scotland This book sets out to analyze how the OBOR initiative will influence the world's geo-political and geo-economic environment, with specific regard to the 'Belt and Road' countries and regions. It evaluates what opportunities the OBOR can offer them in light of the constraints they face, paying particular attention to how security issues may keep some nations from fully participating. Questions are also asked about the tension and conflict along the 'Belt' and 'Road', which, after all takes in the Middle East's most tumultuous regions, as well as the much disputed South China Sea. Finally, consideration is given as to how the world's other economic powers will react when the OBOR inevitably brings about capital and resource competitions. Li Xing is Professor and Director of the Research Centre on Development and International Relations at the Department of Culture and Global Studies, Aalborg University, Denmark. He is also Editor-in-Chief of Journal of China and International Studies.--

This book sets out to analyze how the OBOR initiative will influence the world's geo-political and geo-economic environment, with specific regard to the "Belt and Road" countries and regions. It evaluates what opportunities the OBOR can offer them in light of the constraints they face, paying particular attention to how security issues may keep some nations from fully participating. Questions are also asked about the tension and conflict along the "Belt" and"Road", which, after all takes in the Middle East's most tumultuous regions, as well as the much disputed South China Sea. Finally, consideration is given as to how the world's other economic powers will react when the OBOR inevitably brings about capital and resource competitions.