Suchergebnisse

Applicative programming languages and languages for data-flow machines are often described as value-oriented languages. Other languages, such a Smalltalk, are described as object-oriented. LISP has been described as both value-oriented and object-oriented. What exactly do these terms mean? This paper attempts to identify and clarify the differences between values and objects and, hence, between value-oriented and object-oriented languages. The paper then turns to the question of whether objects should be included in applicative languages and the role they can fill in those languages. The remainder of the paper is a proposal for one approach to a true object-oriented programming. This includes both an informal description of object-oriented programming constructs and a formal semantics for these constructs. Nondeterminacy, synchronization and recovery from failures are briefly discussed. (Author) ; Prepared for: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California 93943. -- Cover. ; http://archive.org/details/viewofobjectorie00macl ; funds provided by the Chief of Naval Research ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Distributed War Gaming (DWG) is the interactive simulation of military systems employing their command and control (C') - systems and the data processing capabilities of their headquarters. Using land-warfare as an example, a conceptual framework for the development of DWG-systems is provided which is based on the utilization of object-oriented software systems. In contrast to traditional software, these systems invoke the transformation of data by messages between objects which specify the transformation to be performed by the addressed object. When defining the system to be modelled, the analyst needs to be concerned with the reaction of individual objects to local messages only. The dynamics of complex systems are the results of the propagation of local messages to its individual elements. Based on a brief descripton of the basic principles behind object-oriented languages, a classification of objects and their attributes in a land-wargame is discussed and a definition of object behaviors is illustrated. Eight basic types of messages for a DWG and their formats are proposed, as is an algorithm for the synchronizaton of distributed simulations in DWG. Object-oriented software systems are judged to have potential for facilitating evolution in military software development. Their use in DWG could, in the long run, alleviate the problem of model acceptability. Thus, the development of prototype DWG-systems is proposed for feasibility testing and for the development of a strategy for the evolution of operational DWG-systems. ; The research work reported herein was funded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 1400 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22209, Project No. N0001484WR24187 for the Chief of Naval Research, Code 512, Arlington, VA 22217. ; http://archive.org/details/ondistributedwar00hube ; N0001484WR24187

Computer simulations of economic systems are slowly gaining ground within the economic profession. However, such a process is hindered by a lack of communication among researchers who do not share a common language. For its object-oriented structure and its versatility, Swarm has the necessary characteristics to become a credible universal language of agent-based simulations. Economic Simulations in Swarm collects a series of original articles in such domains as macro and micro economics, industrial organization, monetary theory, and finance, all linked by a common denominator: the use of the Swarm simulation platform. Swarm, a standard set of program libraries, allows users to construct simulations where a collection of heterogeneous independent agents or elements interact through discrete events. This volume offers the first extensive tutorial to the use of these software libraries developed at the Santa Fe Institute as part of the ongoing research into complexity. The editors conceived the idea of this book while visiting the Santa Fe Institute as members of the `Working Group on Adaptive and Computable Economics'. Francesco Luna is a specialist in Computable Economics, and Benedikt Stefansson is an active contributor to the Swarm community

In modern programming, the object-oriented approach is one of the most popular. Object-oriented programming has already become an integral part of university curricula. Today, the university faces a new urgent task - to prepare the future teacher of computer science for teaching this topic, to equip him with sufficient subject and methodological tools. This article provides an analysis of the problems of teaching object-oriented programming to students.

This article reports on the role of metacognitive skills when solving object-oriented programming problems as part of a case study. The research was constructivist-based within an interpretivist approach to explore how four students constructed their own thinking when solving programming problems. A qualitative methodology was employed. Both concept-driven coding and data-driven coding were applied. Two main issues emerged from the findings. Participating students had fragmented knowledge of the object-oriented approach and shortcomings regarding the implementation thereof, and they experienced problems with metacognitive control during all the steps of program development. Based on the findings the use of metacognitive critical control points (MCCPs) is proposed to be used as a mechanism to facilitate students in their programming efforts and to prevent loss of control during program development.

The Sungai Jering Village Office is one of the agencies under the auspices of the Kuantan Singingi Regency government, in the processing of population data the Sungai Jering Village Head Office still uses conventional methods so that the work becomes less effective and efficient, with this system designed to facilitate the work of population data collection in managing population data more effectively and efficiently, this application can be used anywhere as long as it is connected to the internet network.

ABSTRACTThe research described in this article reports the results of a study designed to evaluate the relationship among object‐oriented (OO) computer programming task performance and a student's (1) theoretical value belief, (2) cognitive ability, and (3) personality. The results of this study do not support the assertion that cognitive ability is a main determinant of performance. Rather, the findings suggest that characteristics of an individual nature have more effect on a student's performance. This supports our belief advanced herein that theoretical value belief and personality are significant predictors of computer programming performance in OO environments. From the findings of this study, we assert that academicians who must teach OO computer programming consider these factors when developing course materials or student assistance programs.

International audience ; Professor Kristen Nygaard (1926-2002) was a multi-talented scientist whose achievements were amply honoured in his later years. For general readers of Computer Science history Nygaard will be recognized as the creator with Professor Ole-Johan Dahl of the SIMULA programming languages and object-oriented programming. But Nygaard also had a social and political engagement that over the years brought him from a liberal-democratic to a socialist position where solidarity and empowerment were the major chords. This paper gives a condensed descriptive tour of the life of this many-sided computer scientist with an emphasis on how the scientific and political sides of Nygaard worked hand in hand, leading to his active cooperation with the trade unions and making him a strong advocator of the Scandinavian School of System Development and Participatory Design.