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Nearly 40 years ago, Arthur Clarke foresaw a massive, technology-driven social restructuring. The world we now live in bears out many of his predictions

Introduction: Despite availability of excellent antibiotics, orbital complications' following sinusitis is rather common. With the emergence of fungal sinusitis orbital involvement by the disease is getting frequent. Prevalence of life style disorders like diabetes mellitus has added to the woes. This article attempts to review the entire gamut of orbital complications following sinus infections. Aim: This study aims at analyzing orbital complications following sinusitis at Government Stanley Medical College Hospital during the period 2009 – 2013. Study design: Retrospective study Methodology: Cases with rhinosinusitis treated in our Institution during the period 2009-2013 were taken up for analysis. 112 patients were chosen for the study. Their case records were analyzed. CT scan images taken during the time of admission were also evaluated. Patients with orbitalcomplications following rhinosinusitis were included. Chandler's classification was used to categorize the stage of disease. Results: 112 patients were included in the study. 76 Male patients 36 Female patients 26 patients developed orbital complications Number of male patients with orbital complication – 22 Number of female patients with orbital complication – 4 Number of patients who died due to complications - 2 Conclusion: High degree of suspicion, early diagnosis and aggressive medical management of Chandler's categories I and II will go a long way in preventing irreparable damage to vision. All our patients were managed initially with parenteral antibiotics. Patients who do not show improvement even after 4 days of antibiotic therapy were taken up for surgical management. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Abstract
In this paper, the possible impact effects of orbital bombardment systems and their feasibility are studied. These effects are the projectile penetration into concrete and steel targets and seismic effects. The equations of motion for the re-entry of a projectile and the penetration were solved numerically. The projectile penetration is modelled using the Alekseevskii–Tate model. By varying the altitude (h), projectile length (L), manoeuvre velocity (ΔV) and the target properties, the flight time (t), earthquake magnitude (M) and penetration depth (P) are calculated. The calculations show that the impact of a tungsten alloy rod with a length of 8 m and a 0.4 m diameter results in an earthquake with a seismic magnitude of only 2.5 on the Richter scale. For concrete, the optimal result is obtained for a projectile with a length of 0.56 m. It penetrates 1.79 m with a minimal ΔV trajectory. These results show that a kinetic orbital bombardment system is not feasible without major technological developments, the impact angle being a bottleneck of the concept. Moreover, one has to accept very high costs. Without any means to change the attitude of the projectile, using ICBMs or bombers shows a better penetration performance than re-entry.

Highlights


Weapons in orbit may provide a strategic advantage. However, they are restricted by international space laws.


Impact angle of the projectile is a bottleneck for kinetic orbital bombardment.


Larger impact angles can be achieved, but at the expense of a larger mass-to-orbit.


A hypersonic drag device may be used to optimise the impact angle and thus improve the system.


Alternative projectile delivery methods (Bomber, Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)) show better performance for both steel and concrete targets.


Essentially, only penetration phenomena matter because the seismic effects are not significant. Therefore, orbital bombardment systems don't even resemble weapons of mass destruction (WMD).


Given their limited effect, destroying a particular target requires a guidance and flight control system, which, given the high velocities, may not be feasible.

A unilateral approach to space governance cannot work in the current international system

Satellite data are frequently attached to discourses of infallibility, objectivity and omnipresence. Yet the value of satellite data in everyday society largely depends on the strength of our interpretations, interpretations which are easily misled. Satellite images can be fabricated, misread and restricted, yet companies like Google encourage users to see themselves as active agents in a collaborative process of accumulating data, obscuring users' true relations with satellite technology and giving them a false sense of power and anonymity. In this sense, satellites constitute a new unconscious terrain of perception. For Geert Lovink, we have reached an age where we can 'read satellites as metaphors, as a new type of technological mirror' and as 'an unconscious apparatus'. This article argues that our lack of conscious awareness around the presence, nature and infrastructure of satellites allows them to thrive under the radar as a new species of unconscious surveillance technology.