Suchergebnisse

With support from GIZ, CCSI prepared a report titled "Linkages to the Resource Sector: The Role of Companies, Governments, and International Development Cooperation." It outlines options for how these stakeholders can increase the economic linkages to the extractive industries sector not only in terms of 'breadth' (number of linkages) but also in terms of 'depth' (local value added). Apart from providing the theoretical framework for linkage creation and an overview of existing literature on this topic, the study highlights successful case study examples. Recommendations are provided for the three types of stakeholders.

Institutional linkages--planned, long-term agreements between U's to cooperate along mutually beneficial lines--can form the basis for expanded & increasingly valuable international exchange. Categories of exchange & various forms of institutional linkages are described. Linkages offer advantages by encouraging planned use of resources &, particularly at unit levels within U's, drawing on new resources of support. They can add to the quality of both faculty & student exchange. In relations with some non-Western countries, institutional cooperative agreements based on gain for both sides are an appropriate & timely replacement for assistance contracts & can help to correct past deficiencies in exchange programs. Various means of encouraging productive higher educational relations between the US & other countries are under study. One alternative is the proposed Assoc for International Cooperation in Higher Education & Research, which would assist in the formation of institutional linkages. Modified HA.

"Domestic-International Conflict Linkages" published on by Oxford University Press.

As we approach a new era of international re lations, institutional linkages—planned, long-term agreements between universities to cooperate along mutually beneficial lines—should form the basis for expanded and increasingly valuable international exchange. From an institutional per spective, there are various types of exchanges, each with its own purpose, clientele, and use. Institutional linkage en compassing these exchanges can take various forms. Link ages offer advantages by encouraging planned use of re sources and, particularly at unit levels within universities, drawing on new resources of support. They can add to the quality of both faculty and student exchange. In relations with some non-Western countries, institutional cooperative agreements based on gain for both sides are an appropriate and timely replacement for assistance contracts and can help to correct past deficiencies in exchange programs. While other bases of expanded exchange programming exist and should be encouraged, the institutional focus provides ad vantages of size, diversity, and resources which give it ad vantages in the foreseeable future. There is a study now in progress to appraise various means of encouraging produc tive higher educational relations between the United States and other countries. One alternative being examined is the proposed new Association for International Cooperation in Higher Education and Research (AICHER) which would assist in the formation of institutional linkages.

This article presents a new framework for understanding the role of international factors in post-Cold War regime change.We treat the post�Cold War international environment as operating along two dimensions: western leverage, or governments' vulnerability to external pressure, and linkage to the West, or the density of a country's ties to the U.S., the European Union, and Western-led multilateral institutions. Both leverage and linkage raised the cost of authoritarianism during the post�Cold War period. However, mechanisms of leverage such as diplomatic pressure, or conditionality were--by themselves--rarely sufficient to democratize post�Cold War autocracies. Rather, the more subtle and diffuse effects of linkage contributed more consistently to democratization. The impact of linkage and leverage are examined in the context of post�Cold War hybrid or competitive authoritarian regimes.