Suchergebnisse

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Jaime Cuevas Ana Isabel Ruiz Raúl Fernández, "Investigating the Potential Barrier Function of Nanostructured Materials Formed in Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) Designed for Nuclear Waste Isolation, The Chemical Record 18 (2018): 1065-1075 , which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201700094. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions." ; Clay and cement are known nano-colloids originating from natural processes or traditional materials technology. Currently, they are used together as part of the engineered barrier system (EBS) to isolate high-level nuclear waste (HLW) metallic containers in deep geological repositories (DGR). The EBS should prevent radionuclide (RN) migration into the biosphere until the canisters fail, which is not expected for approximately 103 years. The interactions of cementitious materials with bentonite swelling clay have been the scope of our research team at the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) with participation in several European Union (EU) projects from 1998 up to now. Here, we describe the mineral and chemical nature and microstructure of the alteration rim generated by the contact between concrete and bentonite. Its ability to buffer the surrounding chemical environment may have potential for further protection against RN migration

NUCLEAR WASTE QUESTIONS AND PROPOSALS -- NUCLEAR WASTE QUESTIONS AND PROPOSALS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CLOSING YUCCA MOUNTAIN: LITIGATION ASSOCIATED WITH ATTEMPTS TO ABANDON THE PLANNED NUCLEAR WASTE REPOSITORY -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- ESTABLISHING A PERMANENT GEOLOGIC REPOSITORY FOR HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE AND SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL -- YUCCA MOUNTAIN AND THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION -- The Obama Administration Budget -- DOE Reprogramming -- Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future -- Withdrawal of the Yucca Mountain Construction Authorization License

Intro -- UNITED STATES NUCLEAR WASTE: CRITICAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND FUTURE NEEDS -- UNITED STATES NUCLEAR WASTE: CRITICAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND FUTURE NEEDS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 BLUE RIBBON COMMISSION ON AMERICA'S NUCLEAR FUTURE: REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY -- PREAMBLE -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- America's Nuclear Waste Management Program an Impasse -- 1. A New Consent-Based Approach to Siting -- 2. A New Organization to Implement the Waste Management Program -- 3. Access to Utility Waste Disposal Fees for Their Intended Purpose -- 4. Prompt Efforts to Develop a New Geologic Disposal Facility -- 5. Prompt Efforts to Develop One or More Consolidated Storage Facilities -- 6. Early Preparation for the Eventual Large-Scale Transport of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Waste to Consolidated Storage and Disposal Facilities -- 7. Support for Advances in Nuclear Energy Technology and for Workforce Developme -- 8. Active U.S. Leadership in International Efforts to Address Safety, Non-Proliferation and Security Concerns -- Tying It Together -- LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FOUNDATIONS OF A NEW STRATEGY -- 2.1. Elements of a Successful Strategy -- 2.2. Core Interests and Objectives for U.S. Waste Management Policy -- 2.2.1. Public and Occupational Health and Safety -- 2.2.2. Environmental Protection -- 2.2.3. Cost-Effectiveness -- 2.2.4. Non-Proliferation and National Security -- 2.3. Core Values and Principles for a Successful Waste Management Program -- 2.3.1. Ethical Responsibility -- 2.3.2. Fairness -- 2.3.3. Transparency -- 2.3.4. Values -- 2.3.5. Informed Participation -- 2.3.6. Governance and Leadership -- 3. TECHNICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- 3.1. Overview of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle -- 3.2. The Nature and Longevity of Hazard Posed by Different Types of Nuclear Waste.

Nuclear power, nuclear waste, and nuclear weapons raise substantial public concern in many countries. While new support for nuclear power can be found in arguments concerning greenhouse gases and global warming, the long‐term existence of radioactive waste has led to requirements for 10,000‐year isolation. Some of the support for such requirements is based on intergenerational equity arguments. This, however, places a very high value on lives far in the future. An alternative is to use discounting, as is applied to other resource applications. Nuclear weapons, even though being dismantled by the major nations, are growing in number due to the increase in the number of countries possessing these weapons of mass destruction. This is an unfortunate legacy for future generations.