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Provides an overview of US, Russian, French, Chinese, British, Indian, Pakistani, & Israeli nuclear forces. For the US, implementation of the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review & its arsenal of nonstrategic nuclear weapons are discussed. Chinese nonstrategic weapons are addressed, while some attention is given to India's ballistic & cruise missiles, Pakistan's ballistic missiles, & Israel's policy of nuclear ambiguity. Tables present public source information with uncertainties noted. 8 Tables. J. Zendejas

Enthält: Kile, Shannon N. ...: World nuclear forces. - S. [333]-366 Glaser, Alexander; Zia, Mian: Global stocks of fissile materials, 2009. - S. [367]-370 Fedchenko, Vitaly: Nuclear explosions, 1945-2009. - S. [371]-376

At the start of 2012, eight states possessed approximately 4400 operational nuclear weapons. Nearly 2000 of these are kept in a state of high operational alert. If all nuclear warheads are counted -- operational warheads, spares, those in both active and inactive storage, and intact warheads scheduled for dismantlement -- the USA, Russia, the UK, France, China, India, Pakistan and Israel together possess a total of approximately 19 000 nuclear weapons. The availability of reliable information about the nuclear weapon states' arsenals varies considerably. France, the UK and the USA have recently disclosed important information about their nuclear capabilities. In contrast, transparency in Russia has decreased as a result of its decision not to publicly release detailed data about its strategic nuclear forces under the 2010 Russia-USA New START treaty, even though it shares the information with the USA. China remains highly non-transparent as part of its long-standing deterrence strategy, and little information is publicly available about its nuclear forces and weapon production complex. Reliable information on the operational status of the nuclear arsenals and capabilities of the three states that have never been party to the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) -- India, Israel and Pakistan -- is especially difficult to find. In the absence of official declarations, the publicly available information is often contradictory or incorrect. Adapted from the source document.

At the start of 2013 eight states possessed approximately 4400 operational nuclear weapons. Nearly 2000 of these are kept in a state of high operational alert. If all nuclear warheads are counted -- operational warheads, spares, those in both active and inactive storage, and intact warheads scheduled for dismantlement -- the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan and Israel possess a total of approximately 17 270 nuclear weapons. The availability of reliable information about the nuclear weapon states' arsenals varies considerably. France, the UK and the USA have recently disclosed important information about their nuclear capabilities. In contrast, transparency in Russia has decreased as a result of its decision not to publicly release detailed data about its strategic nuclear forces under the 2010 Russian-US New START treaty, even though it shares the information with the USA. China remains highly non-transparent as part of its long-standing deterrence strategy. Reliable information on the operational status of the nuclear arsenals and capabilities of the three states that have never been party to the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) -- India, Israel and Pakistan -- is especially difficult to find. In the absence of official declarations, the available information is often contradictory, incorrect or exaggerated. Adapted from the source document.

In January 2011 eight states -- the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan and Israel -- possessed more than 20,500 nuclear weapons, including operational weapons, spares, those in both active and inactive storage and intact weapons scheduled for dismantlement. Of this total figure, more than 5000 nuclear weapons are deployed and ready for use, including nearly 2000 that are kept in a state of high operational alert. The five legally recognized nuclear weapon states, as defined by the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) -- China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA -- are either deploying new nuclear weapon systems or have announced their intention to do so; none appears to be prepared to give up its nuclear arsenals in the foreseeable future. India and Pakistan, which along with Israel are de facto nuclear weapon states outside the NPT, continue to develop new ballistic and cruise missile systems capable of delivering nuclear weapons. They are also expanding their capacities to produce fissile material for military purposes. Israel appears to be waiting to assess how the situation with Iran's nuclear programme develops. North Korea is believed to have produced enough plutonium to build a small number of nuclear warheads, but there is no public information to verify that it has operational nuclear weapons. Adapted from the source document.

In January 2010 eight states -- the United States, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan and Israel -- possessed more than 7500 operational nuclear weapons. If all nuclear warheads are counted, including operational warheads, spares, those in both active and inactive storage, and intact warheads scheduled for dismantlement, these states together possessed a total of more than 22 000 warheads. The five legally recognized nuclear weapon states, as defined by the 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) -- China, France, Russia, the United States and the United Kingdom -- are either deploying new nuclear weapon systems or have announced their intention to do so; none appears to be prepared to give up their nuclear arsenals in the foreseeable future. India and Pakistan, which along with Israel are de facto nuclear weapon states outside the NPT, continue to develop new missile systems that are capable of delivering nuclear weapons and are also expanding their capacities to produce fissile material. Israel appears to be waiting to assess how the situation with Iran's nuclear programme develops. North Korea is believed to have produced enough plutonium for a small number of nuclear warheads, but it is unknown whether it has operational weapons. Adapted from the source document.

India is now enmeshed in the deterrence game-actively with its traditional adversary Pakistan, and potentially with China. At the same time it is finding easier access to fissile materials and strategic technologies. In order to deal with these developments safely and wisely, the nation needs a much more sophisticated and multidisciplinaryunderstanding of the strategic, technological, operational, and cost issues involved in nuclear matters.In this important book, Indian strategic analyst Verghese Koithara explains and evaluates India's nuclear force management, encouraging a broad p